Textbook Question
After glucose is fully oxidized by glycolysis, pyruvate processing, and the citric acid cycle, where is most of its energy stored?
Ch. 9 - Cellular Respiration and Fermentation
Freeman8th EditionBiological ScienceISBN: 9780138276263
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Table of contents
- Ch. 1 - Biology: The Study of Life13
- Ch. 2 - Water and Carbon: The Chemical Basis of Life14
- Ch.3 - Protein Structure and Function10
- Ch.4 - Nucleic Acids and the RNA World10
- Ch. 5 - An Introduction to Carbohydrates10
- Ch. 6 - Lipids, Membranes, and the First Cells11
- Ch. 7 - Inside the Cell10
- Ch. 8 - Energy and Enzymes: An Introduction to Metabolism10
- Ch. 9 - Cellular Respiration and Fermentation11
- Ch. 10 - Photosynthesis12
- Ch. 11 - Cell-Cell Interactions12
- Ch. 12 - The Cell Cycle8
- Ch. 13 - Meiosis12
- Ch. 14 - Mendel and the Gene23
- Ch. 15 - DNA and the Gene: Synthesis and Repair15
- Ch. 16 - How Genes Work16
- Ch. 17 - Transcription, RNA Processing, and Translation16
- Ch. 18 - Control of Gene Expression in Bacteria16
- Ch. 19 - Control of Gene Expression in Eukaryotes12
- Ch. 20 - The Molecular Revolution: Biotechnology, Genomics, and New Frontiers15
- Ch. 21 - Genes, Development, and Evolution12
- Ch. 22 - Evolution by Natural Selection16
- Ch. 23 - Evolutionary Processes13
- Ch. 24 - Speciation15
- Ch. 25 - Phylogenies and the History of Life13
- Ch. 26 - Bacteria and Archaea15
- Ch. 27 - Diversification of Eukaryotes16
- Ch. 28 - Green Algae and Land Plants16
- Ch. 29 - Fungi18
- Ch. 30 - An Introduction to Animals9
- Ch. 31 - Protostome Animals15
- Ch. 32 - Deuterostome Animals17
- Ch. 33 - Viruses16
- Ch. 34 - Plant Form and Function16
- Ch. 35 - Water and Sugar Transport in Plants16
- Ch. 36 - Plant Nutrition13
- Ch. 37 - Plant Sensory Systems, Signals, and Responses16
- Ch. 38 - Flowering Plant Reproduction and Development16
- Ch. 39 - Animal Form and Function17
- Ch. 40 - Water and Electrolyte Balance in Animals16
- Ch. 41 - Animal Nutrition16
- Ch. 42 - Gas Exchange and Circulation16
- Ch. 43 - Animal Nervous Systems16
- Ch. 44 - Animal Sensory Systems16
- Ch. 45 - Animal Movement11
- Ch. 46 - Chemical Signals in Animals16
- Ch. 47 - Animal Reproduction and Development16
- Ch. 48 - The Immune System in Animals16
- Ch. 49 - An Introduction to Ecology15
- Ch. 50 - Behavioral Ecology16
- Ch. 51 - Population Ecology16
- Ch. 52 - Community Ecology20
- Ch. 53 - Ecosystems and Global Ecology17
- Ch. 54 - Biodiversity and Conservation Ecology18
Chapter 9, Problem 6
If you were to expose cells that are undergoing aerobic respiration to a radioactive oxygen isotope in the form of O2, which of the following molecules would you expect to be radiolabeled?
a. Pyruvate
b. Water
c. NADH
d. CO2
Verified step by step guidance1
Understand the process of aerobic respiration: Aerobic respiration involves glycolysis, the citric acid cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation. Oxygen plays a crucial role in the final stage, oxidative phosphorylation, where it acts as the final electron acceptor.
Identify where oxygen is used in aerobic respiration: Oxygen is used in the electron transport chain during oxidative phosphorylation. It combines with electrons and protons to form water (H2O).
Consider the role of radioactive oxygen isotope: If cells are exposed to radioactive oxygen in the form of O2, the radioactive isotope will be incorporated into the molecule that oxygen forms during aerobic respiration.
Determine which molecule is formed from oxygen: In the electron transport chain, oxygen is reduced to form water. Therefore, the radioactive oxygen isotope would be incorporated into water molecules.
Conclude which molecule would be radiolabeled: Based on the understanding that oxygen is converted into water during aerobic respiration, water would be the molecule expected to be radiolabeled.
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Key Concepts
Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.
Aerobic Respiration
Aerobic respiration is a metabolic process in which cells use oxygen to convert glucose into energy, producing carbon dioxide and water as byproducts. It involves glycolysis, the Krebs cycle, and the electron transport chain, where oxygen acts as the final electron acceptor, forming water.
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Review of Aerobic Cellular Respiration
Electron Transport Chain
The electron transport chain is the final stage of aerobic respiration, occurring in the inner mitochondrial membrane. Electrons are transferred through a series of proteins, ultimately reducing oxygen to form water. This process generates a proton gradient that drives ATP synthesis, making oxygen crucial for water production.
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Role of Oxygen in Respiration
Oxygen is essential in aerobic respiration as the terminal electron acceptor in the electron transport chain. It combines with electrons and protons to form water, a key byproduct of the process. Thus, when cells are exposed to radioactive oxygen, the water produced will be radiolabeled.
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Related Practice
Textbook Question
Which of the following correctly describe the fermentation pathway? Select True or False for each statement.
T/FIt includes a reaction that oxidizes NADH to NAD+.
T/FIt synthesizes ATP by substrate-level phosphorylation.
T/FIt includes a reaction that reduces NAD+ to NADH.
T/FIt synthesizes electron acceptors, so that cellular respiration can continue.
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Textbook Question
Compare and contrast substrate-level phosphorylation and oxidative phosphorylation.
Textbook Question
In step 3 of the citric acid cycle, the enzyme isocitrate dehydrogenase is regulated by NADH. Compare and contrast the regulation of this enzyme with the regulation of phosphofructokinase in glycolysis.
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Textbook Question
Explain the relationship between electron transport and oxidative phosphorylation. How do uncoupling proteins 'uncouple' this relationship in brown adipose tissue?
Textbook Question
The researchers who observed that magnetite was produced by bacterial cultures from the deep subsurface carried out a follow-up experiment. These biologists treated some of the cultures with a drug that poisons the enzymes involved in electron transport chains. In cultures where the drug was present, no more magnetite was produced. Does this result support or undermine their hypothesis that the bacteria in the cultures perform cellular respiration? Explain your reasoning.