DRAW IT Draw a model of the control circuit(s) required for driving an automobile at a fairly constant speed over a hilly road. Indicate each feature that represents a sensor, stimulus, or response.

Which of the following cell structures would you expect to be most important in the growth of bacteria on the surface of your teeth?a. cell wallb. fimbriaec. flagellad. cilia

Describe ways in which the bodies of complex animals are structured for exchanging materials with the environment. Do all animals share such features?

Which of the following animals uses the largest percentage of its energy budget for homeostatic regulation?a. marine jelly (an invertebrate)b. snake in a temperate forestc. desert insectd. desert bird

The eukaryotic cytoskeleton is a highly dynamic network of filaments and motor proteins. Which of the following correctly describe activities of these cytoskeletal components? Select True or False for each statement.T/FMyosin motors walk toward the plus ends of intermediate filaments.T/FDynein motors are responsible for the whip-like movement of eukaryotic flagella.T/FKinesin motors move vesicles along tracks toward the microtubule-organizing center.T/FActin filaments are required for cytoplasmic streaming.

Suppose a cell is placed in a solution with a high concentration of potassium and no sodium. How would the cellular sodium–potassium pump function in this environment?a. It would stop moving ions across the membrane.b. It would continue using ATP to pump sodium out of the cell and potassium into the cell.c. It would move sodium and potassium ions across the membrane, but no ATP would be used.d. It would reverse the direction of sodium and potassium ions to move them against their gradients.

George Palade's research group used the pulse–chase assay to elucidate the secretory pathway in pancreatic cells. If they had instead performed this assay on muscle cells, where would you expect the labeled proteins to end up during the chase? (Muscle cells consist primarily of actin and myosin filaments and have high energy demands for muscle contraction.)

Examine the experimental chamber in Figure 6.8a. Explain what would occur by osmosis if you added a 1-M solution of sodium chloride on the left side and an equal volume of a 1.5 M solution of potassium ions on the right. How might the addition of the CFTR protein to the lipid bilayer impact the direction of water movement?