Using the figure below, describe the stages that may have led to the origin of life.

A gram-negative cell wall consists of __________.

Bacteria that __________ tend to have abundant internal membranes.

Bacterial flagella have a very complex structure composed of 42 distinct proteins. What is the most likely explanation for the evolution of these complex structures?

The bacteria that cause tetanus can be killed only by prolonged heating at temperatures considerably above boiling. This suggests that these bacteria __________.

Explain how each of the following characteristics contributes to the success of prokaryotes: cell wall, capsule, flagella, fimbriae, endospores.

Unlike plant cell walls that contain cellulose, bacterial cell walls are composed of .

Which of the following correctly describe the fermentation pathway? Select True or False for each statement.T/FIt includes a reaction that oxidizes NADH to NAD+.T/FIt synthesizes ATP by substrate-level phosphorylation.T/FIt includes a reaction that reduces NAD+ to NADH.T/FIt synthesizes electron acceptors, so that cellular respiration can continue.

A new organism has been discovered. Tests have revealed that it is unicellular, is autotrophic, and has a cell wall that contains peptidoglycan. Based on this evidence, it should be classified as a(n)a. alga.b. archaean.c. protist.d. bacterium.