Molecular comparisons place nematodes and arthropods in clade Ecdysozoa. What characteristic do they share that is the basis for the name Ecdysozoa?a. a complete digestive tractb. body segmentationc. molting of an exoskeletond. bilateral symmetry

Which of the following groupings includes the largest number of species? (Explain your answer.)a. invertebratesb. arthropodsc. insectsd. vertebrates

Propose an explanation for why annelids and arthropods were thought to be closely related, before phylogenetic analyses in the late 1990s.

In peas, purple flowers are dominant to white. If a purple-flowered, heterozygous plant were crossed with a white-flowered plant, what is the expected ratio of genotypes and phenotypes among the F1 offspring? If two of the purple-flowered F1 offspring were randomly selected and crossed, what is the expected ratio of genotypes and phenotypes among the F2 offspring?

Use your understanding of insect evolution to predict two adaptations for terrestrial living that occurred in spiders.

Pose a hypothesis to explain why the evolution of the wing was such an important event in the evolution of insects.

Suppose that a gene originally identified in nematodes (roundworms) is found to be homologous with a gene that can cause developmental abnormalities in humans. Would it be possible to use fruit flies as a model organism to study this gene? Explain.

Suppose that a gene originally identified in nematodes (roundworms) is found to be homologous with a gene that can cause developmental abnormalities in humans. Would it be possible to use fruit flies as a model organism to study this gene? Explain.

Imagine repeating the experiment on epigenetic inheritance that is shown in Figure 19.6. You measure the amount of radioactive uridine (U) incorporated into Hnf4a mRNA in counts per minute (cpm) to determine the level of Hnf4a gene transcription in rats born to mothers fed either a normal diet or a low-protein diet. The results are 11,478 cpm for the normal diet and 7368 cpm for the low-protein diet. For this problem, your task is to prepare a graph similar to the one at the bottom of Figure 19.6 that shows the normalized results for the low-protein diet relative to the normal diet. Normalizing values means that the value obtained from one condition is expressed as 1.0 (the norm; the normal diet in this case) and the values obtained from any other conditions (low-protein diet in this case) are expressed as decimal values relative to the norm.