If you look away from this book and focus your eyes on a distant object, the eye muscles _________ and the lenses _________ to focus images on the retinas.a. relax . . . flattenb. relax . . . become more roundedc. contract . . . flattend. contract . . . become more rounded

Which sensory distinction is not encoded by a difference in neuron identity?a. white and redb. red and greenc. loud and faintd. salty and sweet

What do the receptor cells in the lateral line system along the sides of a shark and the cochlea of your ear have in common?a. They use hair cells to sense sound or pressure waves.b. They are organs of equilibrium.c. They use electromagnetic receptors to sense pressure waves in fluid.d. They use granules that signal a change in position and stimulate their receptor cells.

What type of sensory system do migrating birds use to detect direction?

The transduction of sound waves into action potentials occursa. in the tectorial membrane as it is stimulated by hair cells.b. when hair cells are bent against the tectorial membrane, causing them to depolarize and release neurotransmitter that stimulates sensory neurons.c. as the basilar membrane vibrates at different frequencies in response to the varying volume of sounds.d. within the middle ear as the vibrations are amplified by the malleus, incus, and stapes.

Considering that sounds and odors both trigger changes in the patterns of action potentials in sensory neurons, how does the brain perceive which sense is which when the action potentials reach the brain?a. The action potentials stimulated by sounds are different in size and shape from those stimulated by odors.b. The axons from different sensory neurons go to different areas of the brain.c. Mechanoreception is not consciously perceived by the brain, whereas chemoreception is.d. Chemoreception is not consciously perceived by the brain, whereas mechanoreception is.

How does your brain determine the volume and pitch of sounds?

Give three examples of how the sensory abilities of an animal correlate with its habitat or method of finding food and mates.

Eighty-year-old Mr. Johnson was becoming slightly deaf. To test his hearing, his doctor held a vibrating tuning fork tightly against the back of Mr. Johnson's skull. This sent vibrations through the bones of the skull, setting the fluid in the cochlea in motion. Mr. Johnson could hear the tuning fork this way, but not when it was held away from the skull a few inches from his ear. The problem was probably in the _________ . (Explain your answer.)a. auditory nerve leading to the brainb. hair cells in the cochleac. bones of the middle eard. fluid of the cochlea