Multigene families arise as a result of __________.

Gene density is the number of genes per million base pairs (Mbp). Using Figure 20.5b, find the approximate number of genes estimated in water fleas and in humans, and note the size of each genome. Calculate the gene density in water fleas relative to that in humans.

What is left for genetic researchers to do now that the Human Genome Project has determined nearly complete nucleotide sequences for all of the human chromosomes? Explain.

Once an organism's genome sequence has been determined, how do scientists generally start identifying all the genes within the genome?

What tool or resource is useful for identifying previously unknown protein-coding genes in a genomic DNA sequence?

Who discovered "jumping genes" (transposons)?

How do shotgun techniques differ from previous sequencing methodologies?

An example of a systems biology experiment might be __________.

What factor accounts most for the difference in genome size between vertebrates and prokaryotes?