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Multiple Choice
An earthquake hits a small island. All but a small group of closely related lizards are eliminated, and the survivors spread out over the island. This is an instance of __________.
A
founder effect
B
gene flow
C
mutation
D
natural selection
E
bottleneck effect
Verified step by step guidance
1
Understand the concept of the bottleneck effect: It occurs when a population's size is significantly reduced for at least one generation, leading to a loss of genetic variation.
Identify the key elements in the problem: A small group of closely related lizards survives an earthquake, indicating a drastic reduction in population size.
Recognize that the survivors are spreading out over the island, which suggests that the genetic diversity is limited to the genes present in this small group.
Differentiate between the bottleneck effect and other evolutionary concepts: The founder effect involves a new population started by a small number of individuals, gene flow involves the transfer of genetic material between populations, mutation involves changes in DNA sequences, and natural selection involves differential survival and reproduction.
Conclude that the scenario described fits the definition of the bottleneck effect, as it involves a significant reduction in population size and genetic diversity due to a natural disaster.