Multiple Choice
Which of the following statements about enzymes is incorrect?
7. Energy and Metabolism
Enzymes
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Enzyme activity is affected by pH because __________.
A
most substrates do not function well at high or low pH
B
low pH will denature all enzymes
C
changes in pH can cause loss of cofactors from the enzyme
D
the binding of hydrogen ions to the enzyme absorbs energy and thus there may not be enough energy to overcome the activation energy barrier
E
high or low pH may disrupt hydrogen bonding or ionic interactions and thus change the shape of the active site
Verified step by step guidance1
Understand that enzymes are proteins that catalyze biochemical reactions by lowering the activation energy required for the reaction to proceed.
Recognize that the structure of an enzyme, particularly its active site, is crucial for its function. The active site is where the substrate binds, and its shape and chemical environment facilitate the conversion of substrate to product.
Know that enzymes have an optimal pH range in which they function most effectively. This is because the pH can affect the ionization of the amino acids that make up the enzyme, particularly those at the active site.
Realize that extreme pH levels can disrupt the hydrogen bonds and ionic interactions that maintain the enzyme's three-dimensional structure. This disruption can lead to denaturation, where the enzyme loses its functional shape.
Conclude that when the shape of the active site is altered due to changes in pH, the enzyme may no longer bind to its substrate effectively, thus reducing its activity. This is why high or low pH can affect enzyme activity by disrupting the active site's structure.
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