Artichoke hearts are tender and have a strong taste. The leaves have a strong taste, too, but most of an artichoke leaf is fibrous and too difficult to chew. The leaves must contain lots of __________.

Splicing begins:a. as transcription occurs.b. after transcription is complete.c. as translation occurs.d. after translation is complete.

What is the role of companion cells in the movement of sugars through plants?a. They are the sites of sugar production by photosynthesis.d. They are the sites where starch is converted to sucrose.c. They secrete sucrose, which draws sugars through phloem under negative pressure.d. They accumulate sucrose, which is then transferred to adjacent sieve-tube elements.

Compared with mRNAs that have a cap and tail, predict what will be observed if a eukaryotic mRNA lacked a cap and poly(A) tail.a. The primary transcript would not be processed properly.b. Translation would occur inefficiently.c. Enzymes on the ribosome would add a cap and poly(A) tail.d. tRNAs would become more resistant to degradation.

Which of the following would not be seen in a cross section through the woody part of a root?a. sclerenchyma cellsb. parenchyma cellsc. sieve-tube elementsd. root hairs

The plant tissue system most analogous to our circulatory system is the __________.

Ground tissue is composed of undifferentiated cells with thin walls that are usually involved with storage. The inner portion of the ground tissue of a nonwoody stem is called __________, and the outer portion is called __________.

Which of the following cells are dead at functional maturity?

Collenchyma cells can be identified by __________.