Which of the following describes vicariance?a. Small populations coalesce into one large population.b. A population is fragmented into isolated subpopulations.c. Individuals colonize a novel habitat.d. Individuals disperse and found a new population.

Name the two types of speciation represented by this diagram. For each type, describe how reproductive barriers may develop between the new species.

What distinguishes a morphospecies?a. It has distinctive characteristics, such as size, shape, or coloration.b. It represents a distinct branch in a phylogeny of populations.c. It is reproductively isolated from other species.d. It is a fossil from a distinct time in Earth history.

Males of different species of the fruit fly Drosophila that live in the same parts of the Hawaiian Islands have different elaborate courtship rituals. These rituals involve fighting other males and making stylized movements that attract females. What type of reproductive isolation does this represent?a. habitat isolationb. temporal isolationc. behavioral isolationd. gametic isolation

Fill in the blanks in the following concept map.a. b. c. d. e. f.

Add labels to the figure that follows, which illustrates the three steps required for speciation to occur.

What determines the primary structure of a DNA molecule?a. stem-and-loop configurationb. complementary base pairingc. deoxyribonucleotide sequenced. hydrophobic interactions and hydrogen bonding

What type of bond is directly involved in the formation of an α-helix?a. peptide bonds between amino acid residuesb. hydrogen bonds between amino acid residuesc. van der Waals interactions between nonpolar residuesd. disulfide bonds between cysteine residues

According to the punctuated equilibria model,a. given enough time, most existing species will branch gradually into new species.b. most new species accumulate their unique features relatively rapidly as they come into existence, then change little for the rest of their duration as a species.c. most evolution occurs in sympatric populations.d. speciation is usually due to a single mutation.