The human genome size is 3 billion base pairs, and the size of the baker's yeast genome, a single-celled organism, is 12 million base pairs. Therefore, the predicted genome size for another single-celled organism, an amoeba,a. is about the size of the human genomeb. is about the size of the yeast genomec. is somewhere between the sizes of the yeast and human genomesd. cannot be predicted with any certainty

Two eukaryotic proteins have one domain in common but are otherwise very different. Which of the following processes is most likely to have contributed to this similarity?a. gene duplicationb. alternative splicingc. exon shufflingd. random point mutations

What is a homeotic mutant?a. an individual with a structure located in the wrong placeb. an individual with an abnormal head-to-tail axisc. an individual that is missing segmentsd. an individual with double the normal number of structures

A homeotic gene does which of the following?a. It serves as the ultimate control for prokaryotic operons.b. It regulates the expression of groups of other genes during development.c. It represses the histone proteins in eukaryotic chromosomes.d. It helps splice mRNA after transcription.

What is a homeotic mutant?a. an individual with a structure located in the wrong placeb. an individual with an abnormal head-to-tail axisc. an individual that is missing segmentsd. an individual with double the normal number of structures

DRAW IT Below are the amino acid sequences (using single letters; see Figure 5.14) of three short segments of the FOXP2 protein from five species. These segments contain all amino acid differences between the FOXP2 proteins of these species. Compare the amino acid sequences by answering parts (a)–(d).Chimpanzee PKSSD ... TSSTT ... NARRDMouse PKSSE ... TSSTT ... NARRDGorilla PKSSD ... TSSTT ... NARRDHuman PKSSD ... TSSNT ... SARRDRhesus monkey PKSSD ... TSSTT ... NARRD(a)Circle the names of any species that have identical amino acid sequences for the FOXP2 protein.

Use a highlighter to color any amino acid that varies among the species. (Color that amino acid in all sequences.)e. Primates and rodents diverged between 60 and 100 million years ago, and chimpanzees and humans about 6 million years ago. Compare the amino acid differences between the mouse and the C, G, R species with those between the human and the C, G, R species. What can you conclude?

Use a highlighter to color any amino acid that varies among the species. (Color that amino acid in all sequences.)d. In the M sequence, circle the amino acid(s) that differ from the C, G, R sequences, and draw a square around those that differ from the H sequence.

Use a highlighter to color any amino acid that varies among the species. (Color that amino acid in all sequences.)c. The O sequence differs from the C, G, R sequences at one amino acid (having V instead of A) and from the H sequence at three amino acids. Identify the O sequence.