Which of the following is/are always true?a. Viruses cannot reproduce outside a host cell;b. Viruses are not surrounded by a membrane;c. Viruses are not made up of cells;d. A and C are correct;e. A, B, and C are correct

If you come down with the flu, should your physician prescribe an antibiotic for you? Explain why or why not.

Of the viruses highlighted in Section 33.4, predict which of the following would be able to make viral proteins if nothing more than its genome were injected into a suitable host cell.a. pea mosaic ([+]ssRNA) virusb. bluetongue (dsRNA) virusc. measles ([−]ssRNA) virusd. human immunodeficiency (RNA reverse-transcribing) virus

Of the viruses highlighted in Section 33.4, predict which of the following would be able to make viral proteins if nothing more than its genome were injected into a suitable host cell.a. pea mosaic ([+]ssRNA) virusb. bluetongue (dsRNA) virusc. measles ([−]ssRNA) virusd. human immunodeficiency (RNA reverse-transcribing) virus

If you were in charge of the government's budget devoted to stemming the AIDS epidemic, would you devote most of the resources to drug development or preventive medicine? Defend your answer.

Which of the following types of viruses would you expect to require periods of latency?a. viruses that have large genomes and require a long time for replicationb viruses that require a long time for transmission to new hostsc viruses that require a long time for assembly into complex structuresd. viruses that infect cells of the immune system

The mosquito-borne Zika virus (ZIKV) is one of the most feared viruses for pregnant women. Recent statistics justify this fear: Infants born to mothers infected with ZIKV during pregnancy face a risk of up to 42 percent of developing birth defects, including microcephaly (an abnormally small head and decreased brain volume). What do we know about how ZIKV causes damage to the developing brain?ZIKV is a Baltimore class IV virus. Based on this classification, what do you know about the structure of its genome?

The mosquito-borne Zika virus (ZIKV) is one of the most feared viruses for pregnant women. Recent statistics justify this fear: Infants born to mothers infected with ZIKV during pregnancy face a risk of up to 42 percent of developing birth defects, including microcephaly (an abnormally small head and decreased brain volume). What do we know about how ZIKV causes damage to the developing brain?Researchers have determined that host cells possess several different surface proteins that can serve as virus receptors for ZIKV. If you were to repeat the experiment described in Figure 33.8 using ZIKV instead of HIV, how would you expect the results to be different? Explain.

The mosquito-borne Zika virus (ZIKV) is one of the most feared viruses for pregnant women. Recent statistics justify this fear: Infants born to mothers infected with ZIKV during pregnancy face a risk of up to 42 percent of developing birth defects, including microcephaly (an abnormally small head and decreased brain volume). What do we know about how ZIKV causes damage to the developing brain?Several lines of evidence suggest that after ZIKV is transmitted to a pregnant woman via the bite of an infected mosquito, the virus then directly infects cells of the placenta, gaining access to the fetal brain. Following attachment, the virion would most likely enter the placental cellby:a. insertion via the mosquito's mouthpartsb. endocytosisc. degrading the cell wall with lysozymed. injection through a hollow, needle-like protein structure