Using what you have learned about changes in Gibbs free energy, would you predict the ∆G value of catabolic reactions to be positive or negative? What about anabolic reactions? Justify your answers using the terms 'enthalpy' and 'entropy.'

Which of the following involves metabolic cooperation among prokaryotic cells?a. binary fissionb. endospore formationc. biofilmsd. photoautotrophy

Which of the following describes a bacterium that lives in the human intestine and causes disease?(A)commensalist(B)decomposer(C)gut mutualist(D)symbiotic pathogen

Bacteria perform the following ecological roles. Which role typically does not involve symbiosis?a. skin commensalistb. decomposerc. gut mutualistd. pathogen

Biologists often use the term 'energy source' as a synonym for 'electron donor.' Why?

Explain why prokaryote populations can adapt rapidly to changes in their environment.

Streptococcus mutans obtains energy by oxidizing sucrose. This bacterium is abundant in the mouths of Western European and North American children and is a prominent cause of cavities. The organism is virtually absent in children from East Africa, where tooth decay is rare. Propose a hypothesis to explain this observation. Outline the design of a study that would test your hypothesis.

Streptococcus mutans obtains energy by oxidizing sucrose. This bacterium is abundant in the mouths of Western European and North American children and is a prominent cause of cavities. The organism is virtually absent in children from East Africa, where tooth decay is rare. Propose a hypothesis to explain this observation. Outline the design of a study that would test your hypothesis.

Cyanide (C≡N−) blocks complex IV of the electron transport chain. Suggest a hypothesis for what happens to the ETC when complex IV stops working. Your hypothesis should explain why cyanide poisoning in humans is fatal.