True or false? Speciation is a slow process. Justify your answer.

Biologists have found more than 500 species of fruit flies on the various Hawaiian Islands, all apparently descended from a single ancestor species. This example illustratesa. polyploidy.b. temporal isolation.c. adaptive radiation.d. sympatric speciation.

Why are proteins not considered to be a good candidate for the first living molecule?a. Their catalytic capability is not sufficient for most biological reactions.b. Their amino acid monomers were not likely present in the prebiotic soup.c. They cannot serve as a template for replication.d. They could not have polymerized from amino acid monomers under early Earth conditions.

All of the following statements support the hypothesis that humans cannot be classified into biological races except:a. There is more genetic diversity within a racial group than average differences between racial groups;b. Alleles that are common in one population in a racial group may be uncommon in other populations of the same race;c. Geneticists can use particular SNP alleles to identify the ancestral group(s) of any individual human;d. There are no alleles found in all members of a given racial group;e. There is genetic evidence of mixing among human populations occurring thousands of years ago until the present.

Predict the effect on protein function if each polypeptide adopted only a single, inflexible shape based on its primary structure.

Based on what you know of the peptide bonds that link together amino acid residues, why would proline's side chain reduce the flexibility of the backbone?

When analyzing a sample of cells from a patient, you find the lysosomes are filled with undigested material. This observation makes you think that the lysosomes are not functioning properly. What are three different defects that could be responsible for malfunctioning lysosomes?

Three-spine sticklebacks are small fish that originated in the ocean and continue to exist there, but then some took up residence in hundreds of streams and freshwater lakes in the Northern Hemisphere. Predict whether you would expect to find different species in lakes today.

In the field of nanotechnology, DNA is used like Velcro to assemble tiny particles into structures that are < 0.0001 mm in size. Draw a model to illustrate how two particles (a circle and a square) could be brought together by linking them to short single-stranded DNA molecules. If the DNA sequence linked to the circle is GGATC, then provide the sequence linked to the square and identify the 5′ and 3′ ends of each strand.