Fossilization continues even today. If you wanted to increase the probability that your deceased favorite pet would become fossilized, what actions would you take?a. Place the corpse in an environment where decomposition is rapid (such as a forest).b. Place the corpse in an environment where decomposition is slow (such as a swamp or bog).c. Place the corpse in an environment where there are plenty of rocks (such as a boulder field).d. Place the corpse in an environment where plenty of oxygen is available (such as in a mountain stream).

Adaptive radiations may be promoted by all of the following except one. Which one?a. mass extinctions that result in vacant ecological nichesb. colonization of an isolated region with few competitorsc. a gradual change in climated. a novel adaptation

Consider the endosymbiosis theory for the origin of the mitochondrion. How did each endosymbiotic partner benefit from the relationship?

Draw and label the plasma membrane of a cell that is placed in a solution with concentrations of calcium ions and lactose that are greater than those on the inside of the cell. Use arrows to show the relevant gradients and the activity of the following membrane proteins: (1) a pump that exports protons; (2) a calcium channel; and (3) a lactose carrier.

Most of the proteins that enter the nucleus possess a nuclear localization signal (NLS), even if they are small enough to pass through the nuclear pore complex unhindered. Why would a small protein have an NLS, when it naturally diffuses across the nuclear pore complex without one?

Why was finding a close relationship between mitochondrial DNA and bacterial DNA considered particularly strong evidence in favor of the endosymbiosis theory?

In the late 1700s, machines that could blast through rock to build roads and railways were invented, exposing deep layers of rocks. How would you expect this development to aid the science of paleontology?

Coral reefs are biodiverse ecosystems that provide food, income, coastal protection, and many other services to millions of people. Yet coral reefs are under threat from human impacts such as climate change—many corals cannot tolerate the warming ocean water and have suffered massive 'bleaching' events, which can be fatal. Researchers have discovered that some corals have the capacity to acclimatize to warmer water, while other corals do not. The researchers fear that because corals are long-lived colonial animals and thus evolve slowly, they may not be able to adapt to global warming fast enough to avoid extinction. Explain how the difference between acclimatize and adapt is important to the fate of corals.

In an experiment, you create two groups of liposomes in a solution containing 0.1 M NaCl—one made from red blood cell membranes and the other from frog egg cell membranes. When the liposomes are placed in water, those with red blood cell membranes burst more rapidly than those made from egg membranes. What could explain these results? Select True or False for each of the following statements.a. T/F The red blood cell liposomes are more hypertonic relative to water than the frog egg liposomes.b. T/F The red blood cell liposomes are more hypotonic relative to water than the frog egg liposomes.c. T/F The red blood cell liposomes contain more aquaporins than the frog egg liposomes.d. T/F The frog egg liposomes contain ion channels, which are not present in the red blood cell liposomes.