Which of the following cells or structures are associated with asexual reproduction in fungi?a. ascosporesb. basidiosporesc. zygosporangiad. conidiophores

Two of the most common mycoses (fungal infections) in humans are _____.

All fungi area. symbiotic.b. heterotrophic.c. flagellated.d. decomposers.

The mycelial growth habit leads to a body with a high surface-area-to-volume ratio. Why is this important?a. Mycelia have a large surface area for absorption.b. The hyphae that make up mycelia are long, thin tubes.c. Most hyphae are broken up into compartments by walls called septa, although some exist as single, gigantic cells.d. Hyphae can infiltrate living or dead tissues.

Which statement about the daughter cells following mitosis and cytokinesis is correct?a. They are genetically different from each other and from the parent cell.b. They are genetically identical to each other and to the parent cell.c. They are genetically identical to each other but different from the parent cell.d. Only one of the two daughter cells is genetically identical to the parent cell.

After S phase, what makes up a single chromosome?a. two daughter chromosomesb. a double-stranded DNA moleculec. two single-stranded DNA moleculesd. two sister chromatids

The closest relatives of fungi are thought to be thea. animals.b. vascular plants.c. mosses.d. slime molds.

Progression through the cell cycle is regulated by oscillations in theconcentration of which type of molecule?a. p53, Rb, and other tumor suppressorsb. receptor tyrosine kinasesc. cyclinsd. cyclin-dependent kinases

The hyphae of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) form bushy structures after making contact with the plasma membrane of a root cell. What is the function of these structures?a. They anchor the fungus inside the root, so the association is more permanent.b. They increase the surface area available for the transfer of nutrients.c. They produce toxins that protect the plant cells against herbivores.d. They break down cellulose and lignin in the plant cell wall.