What steps are required for most B cells to become fully activated and differentiate into plasma cells?

Which of the following should be the same in identical twins?a. the set of antibodies producedb. the set of MHC molecules producedc. the set of T cell antigen receptors producedd. the set of immune cells eliminated as self-reactive

Cytotoxic T cells are able to recognize infected body cells becausea. the infected cells display foreign antigens.b. the infected cells produce antigens.c. infected cells release antibodies into the blood.d. helper T cells destroy them first.

Explain how gene recombination leads to the production of vast numbers of different B-cell receptors.

Describe how HIV is transmitted and how immune system cells in an infected person are affected by HIV. What are the most effective means of preventing HIV transmission? Why is AIDS particularly deadly compared with other viral diseases?

Why is clonal selection necessary for the adaptive immune response but not the innate immune response? Select True or False for each statement.T/F The adaptive immune response uses receptors to recognizepathogens, and the innate immune response doesnot.T/F There is more receptor diversity in the adaptive immune response than in the innate immune response.T/F Cells in the innate immune response do not require activation, and those in the adaptive immune response do.T/F Clonal selection is used for targeting pathogens, and the innateimmune response is used only to stop blood flow from thewound.

Helper T cells recognize the self-nonself complex on ___________ cells, while cytotoxic T cells recognize the complex on ___________ cells.

What would a vaccine have to contain to protect a patient from chicken pox? Explain why we don't have vaccines for HIV.

In the condition myasthenia gravis, antibodies bind to and block certain receptors on muscle cells, preventing muscle contraction. This condition is best classified as ana. immunodeficiency disorder.b. exaggerated immune reaction.c. allergic reaction.d. autoimmune disorder.