How are hypotheses about the evolutionary relationships among living organisms tested?

Fill in the blanks on the phylogenetic tree (on the facing page) to show current hypotheses for the origin of multicellular organisms. a. b. c. d. e. f.

Fill in this concept map about systematics a.b. c. d. e.f.g

Critique the following statement: The absence of a trait cannot be used as a synapomorphy in phylogenetic analysis; only shared derived traits that are present in the clade can be used.

Where are protein components of the extracellular matrix synthesized?a. in the rough ERb. in the Golgi apparatusc. in the plasma membraned. in the extracellular layer itself

VISUAL SKILLS In Figure 26.4, which similarly inclusive taxon is represented as descending from the same common ancestor as Canidae?a. Felidaeb. Mustelidaec. Carnivorad. Lutra

Three living species X, Y, and Z share a common ancestor T, as do extinct species U and V. A grouping that consists of species T, X, Y, and Z (but not U or V) makes upa. a monophyletic taxon.b. an ingroup, with species U as the outgroup.c. a paraphyletic group.d. a polyphyletic group.

Which of the following correctly describe an active site? Select True or False for each statement.T/F It is the location in an enzyme where substrates bind.T/F It is the place where a molecule or ion binds to an inactive enzyme to induce a shape change to make it active.T/F It is the portion of an enzyme where chaperones bind to help enzymes fold.T/F It is the site on an enzyme where catalysis occurs.

Which of the following is an example of homoplasy?a. hair in humans and fur in miceb. astragalus ankle bones in hippos and deerc. Hox genes in humans and fliesd. streamlined bodies in dolphins and ichthyosaurs