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Multiple Choice
What property of the bond between a Hydrogen (H) atom and an Oxygen (O) atom in a molecule of water makes it a polar bond?
A
O and H are equally electronegative.
B
O is more electronegative than H.
C
H is more electronegative than O.
D
Water molecules form ionic bonds with one another.
E
Hydrogen bonds form between H and O.
Verified step by step guidance
1
Understand the concept of electronegativity: Electronegativity is a measure of an atom's ability to attract and hold onto electrons. In a chemical bond, the atom with higher electronegativity will attract the shared electrons more strongly.
Identify the electronegativity difference: In a water molecule (H₂O), the oxygen (O) atom is more electronegative than the hydrogen (H) atom. This difference in electronegativity is crucial for determining the type of bond.
Determine the type of bond: When there is a significant difference in electronegativity between two atoms, the bond is polar. This means that the shared electrons are more attracted to the more electronegative atom, creating a partial negative charge on that atom and a partial positive charge on the other.
Apply to the water molecule: In H₂O, the oxygen atom attracts the shared electrons more strongly than the hydrogen atoms, resulting in a polar covalent bond. This causes the oxygen to have a partial negative charge and the hydrogens to have a partial positive charge.
Recognize the implications of polarity: The polarity of the O-H bond in water leads to hydrogen bonding between water molecules, which is responsible for many of water's unique properties, such as high surface tension and boiling point.