Sodium balance is regulated primarily by control of amount(s)a. ingested,b. excreted in urine,c. lost in perspiration,d. lost in feces.

The only cation exerting significant osmotic pressure in the ECF is __________.

Electrolyte balance in the body usually refers to the balance of __________.

When atrial natriuretic peptide is released by the heart because of increased blood pressure, it causes __________.

Potassium, magnesium, and phosphate ions are the predominant electrolytes ina. plasma,b. interstitial fluid,c. intracellular fluid.

Answer questions 5 through 10 by choosing responses from the following:a. ammonium ionsb. bicarbonatec. calciumd. chloridee. hydrogen ionsf. magnesiumg. phosphateh. potassiumi. sodiumj. waterTwo main substances regulated by the influence of aldosterone on the kidney tubules.

Explain why and how total body sodium content, ECF volume, and blood pressure are jointly regulated.

Explain how Na ⁺ balance, ECF volume, and blood pressure are jointly regulated.

Mrs. Bush, a 70-year-old woman, is admitted to the hospital. Her history states that she has been suffering from diarrhea for three weeks. On admission, she complains of severe fatigue and muscle weakness. A blood chemistry study yields the following information: Na⁺ 142 mEq/L; K⁺ 1.5 mEq/L; Cl ⁻ 92 mEq/L; Pco₂ 32 mm Hg. Which electrolytes are within normal limits? Which are so abnormal that the patient has a medical emergency? Which of the following represents the greatest danger to Mrs. Bush?a. a fall due to her muscular weakness,b. edema,c. cardiac arrhythmia and cardiac arrest.