Using Chebychev’s Theorem Old Faithful is a famous geyser at Yellowstone National Park. From a sample with n = 100, the mean interval between Old Faithful’s eruptions is 101.56 minutes and the standard deviation is 42.69 minutes. Using Chebychev’s Theorem, determine at least how many of the intervals lasted between 16.18 minutes and 186.94 minutes. (Adapted from Geyser Times)
Table of contents
- 1. Intro to Stats and Collecting Data55m
- 2. Describing Data with Tables and Graphs1h 55m
- 3. Describing Data Numerically1h 45m
- 4. Probability2h 16m
- 5. Binomial Distribution & Discrete Random Variables2h 33m
- 6. Normal Distribution and Continuous Random Variables1h 38m
- 7. Sampling Distributions & Confidence Intervals: Mean1h 53m
- 8. Sampling Distributions & Confidence Intervals: Proportion1h 12m
- 9. Hypothesis Testing for One Sample2h 19m
- 10. Hypothesis Testing for Two Samples3h 22m
- 11. Correlation1h 6m
- 12. Regression1h 4m
- 13. Chi-Square Tests & Goodness of Fit1h 20m
- 14. ANOVA1h 0m
3. Describing Data Numerically
Standard Deviation
Problem 2.R.28
Textbook Question
In Exercises 27 and 28, find the range, mean, variance, and standard deviation of the sample data set.
Salaries (in dollars) of a random sample of teachers
62,222 56,719 50,259 45,120 47,692 45,985 53,489 71,534

1
Step 1: Calculate the range of the data set. The range is the difference between the maximum and minimum values in the data set. Identify the maximum value (71,534) and the minimum value (45,120), then compute the range as Range = Max - Min.
Step 2: Calculate the mean (average) of the data set. Add all the salary values together and divide by the total number of data points. Use the formula: Mean = (Σx) / n, where Σx is the sum of all data points and n is the number of data points.
Step 3: Compute the variance of the sample. First, subtract the mean from each data point to find the deviation of each value. Then square each deviation, sum them up, and divide by (n - 1), where n is the number of data points. Use the formula: Variance = (Σ(x - Mean)²) / (n - 1).
Step 4: Calculate the standard deviation of the sample. The standard deviation is the square root of the variance. Use the formula: Standard Deviation = √Variance.
Step 5: Summarize the results. Report the range, mean, variance, and standard deviation of the sample data set, ensuring all calculations are accurate and clearly presented.

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Key Concepts
Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.
Descriptive Statistics
Descriptive statistics summarize and describe the main features of a data set. This includes measures such as the mean (average), variance (measure of data spread), and standard deviation (average distance from the mean). These statistics provide a quick overview of the data's central tendency and variability, which are essential for understanding the overall distribution of the sample.
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Range
The range is a simple measure of variability that indicates the difference between the highest and lowest values in a data set. It provides a quick sense of the spread of the data but does not account for how the values are distributed within that range. In the context of the given salaries, calculating the range helps to understand the extent of salary variation among the sampled teachers.
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Variance and Standard Deviation
Variance measures how far each number in the data set is from the mean and thus from every other number. It is calculated as the average of the squared differences from the mean. Standard deviation, the square root of variance, provides a more interpretable measure of spread in the same units as the data. Both are crucial for assessing the consistency and reliability of the data set.
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