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a. The labels on U-Turn protein energy bars include the statement that these bars contain “125% less fat than the leading chocolate candy brands” (based on data from Consumer Reports magazine). What is wrong with that claim?

In Exercises 9–20, identify which of these types of sampling is used: random, systematic, convenience, stratified, or cluster.

Highway Strength The New York State Department of Transportation evaluated the quality of the New York State Thruway by testing core samples collected at regular intervals of 1 mile.

In Exercises 21–28, determine whether the study is an experiment or an observational study, and then identify a major problem with the study.

Drinking and Driving A researcher for a consortium of insurance companies plans to test for the effects of drinking on driving ability by randomly selecting 1000 drivers and then randomly assigning them to two groups: One group of 500 will drive in New York City after no alcohol consumption, and the second group will drive in New York City after consuming three shots of Jim Beam bourbon whiskey.

In Exercises 21–28, determine whether the study is an experiment or an observational study, and then identify a major problem with the study.

Sleep Study When designing the study of a new treatment for insomnia in adults, researchers were criticized because their test subjects consisted of 75 college students. They then expanded the study so that 750 college students were given the treatment.

In Exercises 21–28, determine whether the study is an experiment or an observational study, and then identify a major problem with the study.

Atkins Weight Loss Program An independent researcher tested the effectiveness of the Atkins weight loss program by randomly selecting 1000 subjects using that program. Each of the subjects was called to report their weight before the diet and after the diet.

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b. In a Pew Research Center poll on driving, 58% of the 1182 respondents said that they like to drive. What is the actual number of respondents who said that they like to drive?

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c. In a Pew Research Center poll on driving, 331 of the 1182 respondents said that driving is a chore. What percentage of respondents said that driving is a chore?

Types of Data In each of the following, identify the level of measurement of the sample data (nominal, ordinal, interval, ratio) and the type of sampling used to obtain the data (random, systematic, convenience, stratified, cluster).

b. In each of the 50 states, 50 voters are randomly selected and their political party affiliations are identified.

IQ Scores Listed below are the IQ scores of randomly selected statistics professors. What value is obtained when those IQ scores are added and the total is divided by the number of scores? (This result, called the mean, is discussed in Chapter 3.) What is notable about these values?

135 149 145 129 118 119 115 133 107 188