Pick 10 Lottery For the New York Pick 10 lottery, the player first selects 10 numbers from 1 to 80. Then there is an official drawing of 20 numbers from 1 to 80. The prize of $500,000 is won if the 10 numbers selected by the player are all included in the 20 numbers that are drawn. Find the probability of winning that prize.
Table of contents
- 1. Intro to Stats and Collecting Data55m
- 2. Describing Data with Tables and Graphs1h 55m
- 3. Describing Data Numerically1h 45m
- 4. Probability2h 16m
- 5. Binomial Distribution & Discrete Random Variables2h 33m
- 6. Normal Distribution and Continuous Random Variables1h 38m
- 7. Sampling Distributions & Confidence Intervals: Mean1h 53m
- 8. Sampling Distributions & Confidence Intervals: Proportion1h 12m
- 9. Hypothesis Testing for One Sample2h 19m
- 10. Hypothesis Testing for Two Samples3h 22m
- 11. Correlation1h 6m
- 12. Regression1h 4m
- 13. Chi-Square Tests & Goodness of Fit1h 20m
- 14. ANOVA1h 0m
4. Probability
Counting
Problem 3.4.9
Textbook Question
In Exercises 7-14, perform the indicated calculation.
9.8C3

1
Step 1: Understand the problem. The notation 9.8C3 represents a combination calculation, where we are selecting 3 items from a total of 9.8 items. The formula for combinations is given by: , where n is the total number of items, r is the number of items to choose, and '!' denotes factorial.
Step 2: Substitute the values into the formula. Here, n = 9.8 and r = 3. The formula becomes: .
Step 3: Simplify the denominator. Calculate (n - r), which is 9.8 - 3 = 6.8. The denominator now becomes: .
Step 4: Factorials for non-integer values like 9.8! and 6.8! are calculated using the Gamma function, which extends the factorial function to real numbers. You would use a calculator or software capable of handling Gamma functions to compute these values.
Step 5: Divide the result of 9.8! by the product of 3! and 6.8! to find the combination value. Ensure all calculations are performed accurately using appropriate tools.

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Key Concepts
Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.
Combinations
Combinations refer to the selection of items from a larger set where the order of selection does not matter. The notation 'nCr' or 'C(n, r)' represents the number of ways to choose 'r' items from 'n' items. This concept is crucial in probability and statistics, especially when determining possible outcomes in scenarios where arrangement is irrelevant.
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Factorial
A factorial, denoted as 'n!', is the product of all positive integers up to 'n'. It is used in combinations and permutations to calculate the total arrangements of a set. For example, 5! equals 5 × 4 × 3 × 2 × 1 = 120. Understanding factorials is essential for performing calculations involving combinations and permutations.
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Binomial Coefficient
The binomial coefficient, often represented as 'C(n, r)' or 'nCr', quantifies the number of ways to choose 'r' elements from a set of 'n' elements without regard to the order of selection. It is calculated using the formula C(n, r) = n! / (r!(n-r)!), which incorporates factorials. This concept is fundamental in combinatorial mathematics and probability theory.
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