3. Acids and Bases

Would you expect the following species to be electrophiles or nucleophiles? Some may be both. Explain your answer.

(h)

Would you expect the following species to be electrophiles or nucleophiles? Some may be both. Explain your answer.

(c)

Identify the nucleophile and the electrophile in each of the following reactions.

(b)

Show an arrow-pushing mechanism that forms the product on the right from the reactant at left. Only one arrow is necessary in each reaction. [Don't forget to draw in the lone pairs on this and the next two assessments.]

(d)

Show an arrow-pushing mechanism that forms the product on the right from the reactant at left. Two arrows are necessary in each reaction.

(a)

Show an arrow-pushing mechanism that forms the product on the right from the reactant at left. Here, three arrows are necessary in each reaction.

(a)

Identify the arrow types that are shown in each of these arrow-pushing mechanisms.

(iii)

Acid–base reactions are reversible. Show a mechanism for the reverse of the reactions in Assessment 4.18.

Identify the nucleophile and the electrophile in each of the following reactions.

(a)

Show an arrow-pushing mechanism that forms the product on the right from the reactant at left. Two arrows are necessary in each reaction.

(b)

Identify the arrows shown by type and predict the product that should result.

(e)

Identify the arrows shown by type and predict the product that should result.

(a)

Would you expect the following species to be electrophiles or nucleophiles? Some may be both. Explain your answer.

(e)

Using curved arrows, show the mechanism of the following reaction:

For each of the reactions in Problem 15, indicate which reactant is the nucleophile and which is the electrophile.

a.

b.