Textbook Question
Describe how CRISPR–Cas has been modified to create a genome-editing tool.
Ch. 14 - Analysis of Gene Function via Forward Genetics and Reverse Genetics
Sanders3rd EditionGenetic Analysis: An Integrated ApproachISBN: 9780135564172
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Table of contents
- Ch. 1 - The Molecular Basis of Heredity, Variation, and Evolution64
- Ch. 2 - Transmission Genetics144
- Ch. 3 - Cell Division and Chromosome Heredity81
- Ch. 4 - Gene Interaction87
- Ch. 5 - Genetic Linkage and Mapping in Eukaryotes103
- Ch. 6 - Genetic Analysis and Mapping in Bacteria and Bacteriophages73
- Ch. 7 - DNA Structure and Replication71
- Ch. 8 - Molecular Biology of Transcription and RNA Processing79
- Ch. 9 - The Molecular Biology of Translation110
- Ch. 10 - Eukaryotic Chromosome Abnormalities and Molecular Organization100
- Ch. 11 - Gene Mutation, DNA Repair, and Homologous Recombination86
- Ch. 12 - Regulation of Gene Expression in Bacteria and Bacteriophage90
- Ch. 13 - Regulation of Gene Expression in Eukaryotes38
- Ch. 14 - Analysis of Gene Function via Forward Genetics and Reverse Genetics72
- Ch. 15 - Recombinant DNA Technology and Its Applications69
- Ch. 16 - Genomics: Genetics from a Whole-Genome Perspective49
- Ch. 17 - Organelle Inheritance and the Evolution of Organelle Genomes27
- Ch. 18 - Developmental Genetics43
- Ch. 19 - Genetic Analysis of Quantitative Traits66
- Ch. 20 - Population Genetics and Evolution at the Population, Species, and Molecular Levels105
Sanders3rd EditionGenetic Analysis: An Integrated ApproachISBN: 9780135564172Not the one you use?Change textbook
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Sanders 3rd EditionCh. 14 - Analysis of Gene Function via Forward Genetics and Reverse GeneticsProblem C.8b
Sanders 3rd EditionCh. 14 - Analysis of Gene Function via Forward Genetics and Reverse GeneticsProblem C.8bChapter 14, Problem C.8b
The inheritance of certain mutations of BRCA1 can make it much more likely that a woman will develop breast or ovarian cancer in her lifetime. In addition to inheriting a BRCA1 mutation, what else must happen for a woman to develop breast or ovarian cancer?
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Understand that BRCA1 is a tumor suppressor gene, which means it helps regulate cell growth and prevent cancer by repairing DNA damage.
Recognize that inheriting a mutation in one copy of the BRCA1 gene (germline mutation) increases cancer risk but is not sufficient alone to cause cancer.
Learn about the 'two-hit hypothesis' which states that both copies of a tumor suppressor gene must be inactivated for cancer to develop.
Identify that the second 'hit' usually involves a somatic mutation or loss of the normal BRCA1 allele in the cells of breast or ovarian tissue.
Conclude that in addition to inheriting a BRCA1 mutation, a woman must acquire a second mutation or loss of function in the other BRCA1 allele in relevant cells for cancer to develop.
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Key Concepts
Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.
BRCA1 Gene and Its Role in Cancer
BRCA1 is a tumor suppressor gene involved in DNA repair. Mutations in BRCA1 impair this repair function, increasing the risk of breast and ovarian cancer. However, carrying a mutation alone does not guarantee cancer development; it raises susceptibility.
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Cancer Characteristics
Multistep Nature of Cancer Development
Cancer arises through multiple genetic and environmental changes over time. Besides inheriting a mutation like BRCA1, additional mutations or cellular changes must accumulate to trigger uncontrolled cell growth and tumor formation.
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Role of Environmental and Lifestyle Factors
Environmental exposures, lifestyle choices, and hormonal factors can influence cancer risk by causing DNA damage or affecting gene expression. These factors interact with inherited mutations to increase the likelihood of cancer development.
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Related Practice
Textbook Question
Do you think it is important that participation in community-based genetic screening be entirely voluntary? Why or why not?
Textbook Question
The inheritance of certain mutations of BRCA1 can make it much more likely that a woman will develop breast or ovarian cancer in her lifetime. Can you say with certainty that a woman inheriting a mutation of BRCA1 will definitely develop breast or ovarian cancer in her lifetime? Why or why not?
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Textbook Question
Discuss the advantages (and possible disadvantages) of the different approaches to reverse genetics.
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Textbook Question
Go to the website http://www.cancer.gov and select 'Cancer Types' on the top menu bar. Scroll down to 'Breast Cancer' and click. Select 'Cases & Prevention' from the options. Click 'More information' and select 'BRCA Mutations: Cancer Risk and Genetic Testing'. Use the information on this page to answer the following questions. With regard to the results of genetic testing for BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations, what is meant by a 'positive result'?
Textbook Question
Go to the website http://www.cancer.gov and select 'Cancer Types' on the top menu bar. Scroll down to 'Breast Cancer' and click. Select 'Cases & Prevention' from the options. Click 'More information' and select 'BRCA Mutations: Cancer Risk and Genetic Testing'. Use the information on this page to answer the following questions. Are there measures a woman with a positive result can take to lessen her chances of developing cancer or to catch a cancer early in its development?