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Problem 20a1
Acetone, CH3COCH3, is a nonelectrolyte; hypochlorous acid, HClO, is a weak electrolyte; and ammonium chloride, NH4Cl, is a strong electrolyte. (a) What are the solutes present in aqueous solutions of each compound? What solute particles are present in an aqueous solution of CH3COCH3?
Problem 20a2
Acetone, CH3COCH3, is a nonelectrolyte; hypochlorous acid, HClO, is a weak electrolyte; and ammonium chloride, NH4Cl, is a strong electrolyte. (a) What are the solutes present in aqueous solutions of each compound? What solute particles are present in an aqueous solution of HClO?
Problem 20a3
Acetone, CH3COCH3, is a nonelectrolyte; hypochlorous acid, HClO, is a weak electrolyte; and ammonium chloride, NH4Cl, is a strong electrolyte. (a) What are the solutes present in aqueous solutions of each compound? What solute particles are present in an aqueous solution of NH4Cl?
Problem 20b
Acetone, CH3COCH3, is a nonelectrolyte; hypochlorous acid, HClO, is a weak electrolyte; and ammonium chloride, NH4Cl, is a strong electrolyte. (b) If 0.1 mol of each compound is dissolved in solution, which one contains 0.2 mol of solute particles, which contains 0.1 mol of solute particles, and which contains somewhere between 0.1 and 0.2 mol of solute particles?
Problem 21
Using solubility guidelines, predict whether each of the following compounds is soluble or insoluble in water: (a) MgBr2 (b) NH4OH (c) Ni(CH3COO)2 (d) AgNO3 (e) FeCO3.
Problem 22
Predict whether each of the following compounds is soluble in water: (a) MgS (b) Cr(OH)3 (c) ZnCl2 (d) Pb3(PO4)2 (e) Sr(CH3COO)2.
Problem 23
Will precipitation occur when the following solutions are mixed? If so, write a balanced chemical equation for the reaction. (a) Ca(CH3COO)2 and NaOH (b) K2CO3 and NH4NO3, (c) Na2S and FeCl3.
Problem 24
Identify the precipitate (if any) that forms when the following solutions are mixed, and write a balanced equation for each reaction. (a) NH4I and CuCl2 (b) LiOH and MnCl2 (c) K3PO4 and CoSO4
Problem 25a
Which ions remain in solution, unreacted, after each of the following pairs of solutions is mixed? (a) potassium carbonate and magnesium sulfate
Problem 25c
Which ions remain in solution, unreacted, after each of the following pairs of solutions is mixed? (c) ammonium phosphate and calcium chloride
Problem 26a,b
Write balanced net ionic equations for the reactions that occur in each of the following cases. Identify the spectator ion or ions in each reaction.
(a) Ba(OH)2(aq) + FeCl3(aq) →
(b) ZnCl2(aq) + Cs2CO3(aq) →
Problem 26c
Write balanced net ionic equations for the reactions that occur in each of the following cases. Identify the spectator ion or ions in each reaction. (c) Na2S(aq) + CoSO4(aq) →
- Separate samples of a solution of an unknown salt are treated with dilute solutions of HBr, H2SO4, and NaOH. A precipitate forms in all three cases. Which of the following cations could be present in the unknown salt solution: K+, Pb2+, Ba2+?
Problem 27
Problem 28
Separate samples of a solution of an unknown ionic compound are treated with dilute AgNO3, Pb1NO322, and BaCl2. Precipitates form in all three cases. Which of the following could be the anion of the unknown salt: Br-, CO32-, NO3-?
- You know that an unlabeled bottle contains an aqueous solution of one of the following: AgNO3, CaCl2, or Al21SO423. A friend suggests that you test a portion of the solution with Ba1NO322 and then with NaCl solutions. According to your friend's logic, which of these chemical reactions could occur, thus helping you identify the solution in the bottle? (a) Barium sulfate could precipitate. (b) Silver chloride could precipitate. (c) Silver sulfate could precipitate. (d) More than one, but not all, of the reactions described in answers a–c could occur. (e) All three reactions described in answers a–c could occur.
Problem 29
Problem 30
Three solutions are mixed together to form a single solution; in the final solution, there are 0.2 mol Pb1CH3COO)2, 0.1 mol Na2S, and 0.1 mol CaCl2 present. What solid(s) will precipitate?
Problem 33a
State whether each of the following statements is true or false. Justify your answer in each case. (a) Sulfuric acid is a monoprotic acid.
Problem 33b
State whether each of the following statements is true or false. Justify your answer in each case. (b) HCl is a weak acid.
Problem 33c
State whether each of the following statements is true or false. Justify your answer in each case. (c) Methanol is a base.
Problem 34a
State whether each of the following statements is true or false. Justify your answer in each case. (a) NH3 contains no OH- ions, and yet its aqueous solutions are basic
Problem 34b
State whether each of the following statements is true or false. Justify your answer in each case. (b) HF is a strong acid.
Problem 34c
State whether each of the following statements is true or false. Justify your answer in each case.
(c) Although sulfuric acid is a strong electrolyte, an aqueous solution of H2SO4 contains more HSO4- ions than SO42- ions.
Problem 35a
Label each of the following substances as an acid, base, salt, or none of the above. Indicate whether the substance exists in aqueous solution entirely in molecular form, entirely as ions, or as a mixture of molecules and ions. (a) HF
Problem 35b
Label each of the following substances as an acid, base, salt, or none of the above. Indicate whether the substance exists in aqueous solution entirely in molecular form, entirely as ions, or as a mixture of molecules and ions. (b) acetonitrile, CH3CN
Problem 35c
Label each of the following substances as an acid, base, salt, or none of the above. Indicate whether the substance exists in aqueous solution entirely in molecular form, entirely as ions, or as a mixture of molecules and ions. (c) NaClO4
Problem 35d
Label each of the following substances as an acid, base, salt, or none of the above. Indicate whether the substance exists in aqueous solution entirely in molecular form, entirely as ions, or as a mixture of molecules and ions. (d) Ba1OH22.
Problem 36
An aqueous solution of an unknown solute is tested with litmus paper and found to be acidic. The solution is weakly conducting compared with a solution of NaCl of the same concentration. Which of the following substances could the unknown be: KOH, NH3, HNO3, KClO2, H3PO3, CH3COCH3 (acetone)?
Problem 37
Classify each of the following substances as a nonelectrolyte, weak electrolyte, or strong electrolyte in water: (a) HF (b) C6H5COOH (benzoic acid) (c) C6H6 (benzene) (d) CoCl3 (e) AgNO3.
- Classify each of the following aqueous solutions as a nonelectrolyte, weak electrolyte, or strong electrolyte: (a) PbCl2 (b) N(CH3)3 (c) CsOH (d) H2S (e) CrCl2 (f) Ni(CH3COO)2.
Problem 38
Problem 39
Complete and balance the following molecular equations, and then write the net ionic equation for each:
(a) HBr(aq) + Ca(OH)2(aq) →
(b) Cu(OH)2(s) + HClO4(aq) →
(c) Al(OH)3(s) + HNO3(aq) →