Textbook Question
Formic acid, HCOOH, is a weak electrolyte. Write the chemical equation for the ionization of HCOOH.
Ch.4 - Reactions in Aqueous Solution
Brown14th EditionChemistry: The Central ScienceISBN: 9780134414232
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Table of contents
- Ch.1 - Introduction: Matter, Energy, and Measurement177
- Ch.2 - Atoms, Molecules, and Ions231
- Ch.3 - Chemical Reactions and Reaction Stoichiometry216
- Ch.4 - Reactions in Aqueous Solution189
- Ch.5 - Thermochemistry175
- Ch.6 - Electronic Structure of Atoms168
- Ch.7 - Periodic Properties of the Elements150
- Ch.8 - Basic Concepts of Chemical Bonding177
- Ch.9 - Molecular Geometry and Bonding Theories200
- Ch.10 - Gases179
- Ch.11 - Liquids and Intermolecular Forces113
- Ch.12 - Solids and Modern Materials154
- Ch.13 - Properties of Solutions157
- Ch.14 - Chemical Kinetics199
- Ch.15 - Chemical Equilibrium128
- Ch.16 - Acid-Base Equilibria164
- Ch.17 - Additional Aspects of Aqueous Equilibria163
- Ch.18 - Chemistry of the Environment105
- Ch.19 - Chemical Thermodynamics164
- Ch.20 - Electrochemistry171
- Ch.21 - Nuclear Chemistry122
- Ch.22 - Chemistry of the Nonmetals82
- Ch.23 - Transition Metals and Coordination Chemistry79
- Ch.24 - The Chemistry of Life: Organic and Biological Chemistry16
Brown14th EditionChemistry: The Central ScienceISBN: 9780134414232Not the one you use?Change textbook
Chapter 4, Problem 20a1
Acetone, CH3COCH3, is a nonelectrolyte; hypochlorous acid, HClO, is a weak electrolyte; and ammonium chloride, NH4Cl, is a strong electrolyte. (a) What are the solutes present in aqueous solutions of each compound? What solute particles are present in an aqueous solution of CH3COCH3?
Verified step by step guidance1
Identify the type of electrolyte for each compound: Acetone (CH_3COCH_3) is a nonelectrolyte, hypochlorous acid (HClO) is a weak electrolyte, and ammonium chloride (NH_4Cl) is a strong electrolyte.
For nonelectrolytes like acetone, recognize that they do not dissociate into ions in solution. Therefore, the solute particles present are the intact acetone molecules, CH_3COCH_3.
For weak electrolytes like hypochlorous acid, understand that they partially dissociate in solution. The solute particles present are a mixture of HClO molecules and a small amount of H^+ and ClO^- ions.
For strong electrolytes like ammonium chloride, note that they completely dissociate into ions in solution. The solute particles present are NH_4^+ and Cl^- ions.
Summarize the solute particles for each solution: CH_3COCH_3 molecules for acetone, HClO molecules and H^+ and ClO^- ions for hypochlorous acid, and NH_4^+ and Cl^- ions for ammonium chloride.
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Key Concepts
Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.
Electrolytes vs. Nonelectrolytes
Electrolytes are substances that dissociate into ions when dissolved in water, allowing the solution to conduct electricity. Strong electrolytes, like ammonium chloride, completely dissociate into ions, while weak electrolytes, such as hypochlorous acid, only partially dissociate. Nonelectrolytes, like acetone, do not dissociate into ions in solution and therefore do not conduct electricity.
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Electrolytes and Strong Acids
Dissociation of Solutes
Dissociation refers to the process by which a compound separates into its constituent ions or molecules when dissolved in a solvent. For example, NH4Cl dissociates into NH4+ and Cl- ions in solution, while HClO partially dissociates into H+ and ClO- ions. In contrast, acetone remains as intact CH3COCH3 molecules in solution, illustrating the differences in behavior among electrolytes and nonelectrolytes.
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Aqueous Solutions
An aqueous solution is a solution in which water is the solvent. The properties of solutes in aqueous solutions depend on their nature—whether they are electrolytes or nonelectrolytes. Understanding the solute particles present in these solutions is crucial for predicting their chemical behavior, such as conductivity and reactivity, which varies significantly between different types of solutes.
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Related Practice
Textbook Question
Acetone, CH3COCH3, is a nonelectrolyte; hypochlorous acid, HClO, is a weak electrolyte; and ammonium chloride, NH4Cl, is a strong electrolyte. (a) What are the solutes present in aqueous solutions of each compound? What solute particles are present in an aqueous solution of NH4Cl?
Textbook Question
Acetone, CH3COCH3, is a nonelectrolyte; hypochlorous acid, HClO, is a weak electrolyte; and ammonium chloride, NH4Cl, is a strong electrolyte. (a) What are the solutes present in aqueous solutions of each compound? What solute particles are present in an aqueous solution of HClO?
Textbook Question
Acetone, CH3COCH3, is a nonelectrolyte; hypochlorous acid, HClO, is a weak electrolyte; and ammonium chloride, NH4Cl, is a strong electrolyte. (b) If 0.1 mol of each compound is dissolved in solution, which one contains 0.2 mol of solute particles, which contains 0.1 mol of solute particles, and which contains somewhere between 0.1 and 0.2 mol of solute particles?
Textbook Question
Using solubility guidelines, predict whether each of the following compounds is soluble or insoluble in water: (a) MgBr2 (b) NH4OH (c) Ni(CH3COO)2 (d) AgNO3 (e) FeCO3.
Textbook Question
Predict whether each of the following compounds is soluble in water: (a) MgS (b) Cr(OH)3 (c) ZnCl2 (d) Pb3(PO4)2 (e) Sr(CH3COO)2.
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