A reduction in sensitivity in the presence of a constant stimulus is

(a) Transduction

(b) Sensory coding

(c) Line labeling

(d) Adaptation

Sound waves are converted into mechanical movements by the

(a) Auditory ossicles

(b) Cochlea

(c) Oval window

(d) Round window

(e) Tympanic membrane

A progressive disorder characterized by the loss of higher-order cerebral functions is

(a) Parkinson's disease

(b) Parasomnia

(c) Huntington's disease

(d) Alzheimer's disease

The basic receptors in the internal ear are the

(a) Utricles

(b) Saccules

(c) Hair cells

(d) Supporting cells

(e) Ampullae

The malleus, incus, and stapes are the tiny bones located in the

(a) External ear

(b) Middle ear

(c) Internal ear

(d) Membranous labyrinth

Identify the structures of the external, middle, and internal ear in the following figure.

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a. ___

b. ___

c. ___

d. ___

e. ___

f. ___

g. ___

h. ___

i. ___

The spiral organ is located in the_______of the internal ear.

(a) utricle

(b) bony labyrinth

(c) vestibule

(d) cochlea

Auditory information about the frequency and intensity of stimulation is relayed to the CNS over the cochlear nerve, a division of cranial nerve

(a) IV

(b) VI

(c) VIII

(d) X

What are the three auditory ossicles in the middle ear, and what are their functions?

Displacement of stereocilia toward the kinocilium of a hair cell

(a) Produces a depolarization of the membrane

(b) Produces a hyperpolarization of the membrane

(c) Decreases the membrane permeability to sodium ions

(d) Increases the membrane permeability to potassium ions

(e) Does not affect the membrane potential of the cell

Damage to the ampullary cupula of the lateral semicircular duct would interfere with the perception of

(a) The direction of gravitational pull

(b) Linear acceleration

(c) Horizontal rotation of the head

(d) Vertical rotation of the head

(e) Angular rotation of the head

You are at a park watching some deer 35 feet away from you. A friend taps you on the shoulder to ask a question. As you turn to look at your friend, who is standing just 2 feet away, what changes would your eyes undergo?

Your friend Shelly suffers from myopia (nearsightedness). You remember from your physics class that concave lenses cause light waves to spread or diverge and that convex lenses cause light waves to converge. What type of corrective lenses would you suggest to your friend?

(a) Concave lenses

(b) Convex lenses

Juan tells his physician that he has been feeling dizzy, especially when he closes his eyes. He is asked to stand with his feet together and arms extended forward. As long as he keeps his eyes open, he exhibits very little movement. But when he closes his eyes, his body begins to sway a great deal, and his arms tend to drift together toward the left side of his body. Why does this occur?