Identify the structures in the following horizontal section of the eye.

a. ___

b. ___

c. ___

d. ___

e. ___

f. ___

g. ___

h. ___

i. ___

j. ___

A reduction in sensitivity in the presence of a constant stimulus is

(a) Transduction

(b) Sensory coding

(c) Line labeling

(d) Adaptation

A blind spot occurs in the retina where

(a) The fovea centralis is located

(b) Ganglion cells synapse with bipolar cells

(c) The optic nerve attaches to the retina

(d) Rod cells are clustered to form the macula

(e) Amacrine cells are located

Sound waves are converted into mechanical movements by the

(a) Auditory ossicles

(b) Cochlea

(c) Oval window

(d) Round window

(e) Tympanic membrane

The basic receptors in the internal ear are the

(a) Utricles

(b) Saccules

(c) Hair cells

(d) Supporting cells

(e) Ampullae

The retina is also called

(a) The vascular layer

(b) The fibrous layer

(c) The inner layer

(d) All of these

At sunset, your visual system adapts to

(a) Fovea vision

(b) Rod-based vision

(c) Macular vision

(d) Cone-based vision

A better-than-average visual acuity rating is

(a) 20/20

(b) 20/30

(c) 15/20

(d) 20/15

The malleus, incus, and stapes are the tiny bones located in the

(a) External ear

(b) Middle ear

(c) Internal ear

(d) Membranous labyrinth

Identify the structures of the external, middle, and internal ear in the following figure.

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a. ___

b. ___

c. ___

d. ___

e. ___

f. ___

g. ___

h. ___

i. ___

Receptors in the saccule and utricle provide sensations of

(a) Angular acceleration

(b) Hearing

(c) Vibration

(d) Gravity and linear acceleration and deceleration

The spiral organ is located in the_______of the internal ear.

(a) utricle

(b) bony labyrinth

(c) vestibule

(d) cochlea

Auditory information about the frequency and intensity of stimulation is relayed to the CNS over the cochlear nerve, a division of cranial nerve

(a) IV

(b) VI

(c) VIII

(d) X

What are the four types of papillae on the human tongue?

(a) What structures make up the fibrous layer of the eye?

(b) What are the functions of the fibrous layer?

What structures make up the vascular layer of the eye?

What are the three auditory ossicles in the middle ear, and what are their functions?

Trace the olfactory pathway from the time an odor reaches the olfactory epithelium until nerve impulses reach their final destination in the brain.

Why are olfactory sensations long lasting and an important part of our memories and emotions?

What is the usual result if a sebaceous gland of an eyelash or a tarsal gland becomes infected?

Displacement of stereocilia toward the kinocilium of a hair cell

(a) Produces a depolarization of the membrane

(b) Produces a hyperpolarization of the membrane

(c) Decreases the membrane permeability to sodium ions

(d) Increases the membrane permeability to potassium ions

(e) Does not affect the membrane potential of the cell

Damage to the ampullary cupula of the lateral semicircular duct would interfere with the perception of

(a) The direction of gravitational pull

(b) Linear acceleration

(c) Horizontal rotation of the head

(d) Vertical rotation of the head

(e) Angular rotation of the head

When viewing an object close to you, your lens should be more_______.

(a) rounded

(b) flattened

(c) concave

(d) lateral

(e) medial

You are at a park watching some deer 35 feet away from you. A friend taps you on the shoulder to ask a question. As you turn to look at your friend, who is standing just 2 feet away, what changes would your eyes undergo?

Your friend Shelly suffers from myopia (nearsightedness). You remember from your physics class that concave lenses cause light waves to spread or diverge and that convex lenses cause light waves to converge. What type of corrective lenses would you suggest to your friend?

(a) Concave lenses

(b) Convex lenses

Tom has surgery to remove polyps (growths) from his sinuses. After he heals from the surgery, he notices that his sense of smell is not as keen as it was before the surgery. Can you suggest a reason for this?

For a few seconds after you ride the express elevator from the 20th floor to the ground floor, you still feel as if you are descending, even though you have come to a stop. Why?

Juan tells his physician that he has been feeling dizzy, especially when he closes his eyes. He is asked to stand with his feet together and arms extended forward. As long as he keeps his eyes open, he exhibits very little movement. But when he closes his eyes, his body begins to sway a great deal, and his arms tend to drift together toward the left side of his body. Why does this occur?