The preganglionic and ganglionic neurons are missing from the diagram below showing the distribution of sympathetic innervation. Indicate their distribution using red for the preganglionic neurons and black for the ganglionic neurons.

<IMAGE>

The division of the ANS that prepares the body for activity and stress is the_____division.

(a) sympathetic

(b) parasympathetic

(c) craniosacral

(d) intramural

(e) somatomotor

Effects produced by the parasympathetic branch of the ANS include

(a) Dilation of the pupils

(b) Increased secretion by digestive glands

(c) Dilation of respiratory passages

(d) Increased heart rate

(e) Increased breakdown of glycogen by the liver

Starting in the spinal cord, trace an action potential through the sympathetic division of the ANS until it reaches a target organ in the abdominopelvic region.

Receptors that bind acetylcholine at the postsynaptic membrane are:

(a) Chemically gated channels

(b) Voltage-gated channels

(c) Passive channels

(d) Mechanically gated channels

What are the major components of

(c) the enteric nervous system?

What three functional groups of neurons are found in the nervous system? What is the function of each type of neuron?

All preganglionic autonomic fibers release______at their axon terminals, and the effects are always_____ .

(a) norepinephrine, inhibitory

(b) norepinephrine, excitatory

(c) acetylcholine, excitatory

(d) acetylcholine, inhibitory

The neurotransmitter at all synapses and neuromuscular or neuroglandular junctions in the parasympathetic division of the ANS is

(a) Epinephrine

(b) Norepinephrine

(c) Cyclic-AMP

(d) Acetylcholine

How does the emergence of sympathetic fibers from the spinal cord differ from the emergence of parasympathetic fibers?

Which three collateral ganglia serve as origins for ganglionic neurons that innervate organs or tissues in the abdominopelvic region?

What two distinctive results are produced by the stimulation of sympathetic ganglionic neurons?

Which four pairs of cranial nerves are associated with the cranial segment of the parasympathetic division of the ANS?

Which six plexuses in the thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities innervate visceral organs, and what are the effects of sympathetic versus parasympathetic stimulation?

Dual innervation refers to situations in which

(a) Vital organs receive instructions from both sympathetic and parasympathetic fibers.

(b) The atria and ventricles of the heart receive autonomic stimulation from the same nerves.

(c) Sympathetic and parasympathetic fibers have similar effects.

(d) All of these are correct.

Why does sympathetic function remain intact even when the anterior roots of the cervical spinal nerves are damaged?

During sympathetic stimulation, a person may begin to feel 'on edge'; this is the result of

(a) Increased energy metabolism by muscle tissue

(b) Increased cardiovascular activity

(c) Stimulation of the reticular activating system

(d) Temporary insensitivity to painful stimuli

(e) Decreased levels of epinephrine in the blood

Under which of the following circumstances would the diameter of peripheral blood vessels be greatest?

(a) Increased sympathetic stimulation

(b) Decreased sympathetic stimulation

(c) Increased parasympathetic stimulation

(d) Decreased parasympathetic stimulation

(e) Both increased parasympathetic and sympathetic stimulation

You are home alone at night when you hear what sounds like breaking glass. What physiological effects would this experience probably produce, and what would be their cause?

The condition known as shock is characterized in part by a decreased return of venous blood to the heart. How could an upsetting situation, such as the sight of a tragic accident or very bad news, produce some temporary symptoms of shock?