Table of contents

1. Introduction to Anatomy & Physiology5h 43m
2. Cell Chemistry & Cell Components12h 36m
3. Energy & Cell Processes10h 6m
4. Tissues & Histology10h 3m
5. Integumentary System2h 20m
6. Bones & Skeletal Tissue2h 16m
7. The Skeletal System2h 35m
8. Joints2h 17m
9. Muscle Tissue2h 33m
10. Muscles1h 11m
11. Nervous Tissue and Nervous System1h 35m
12. The Central Nervous System1h 6m
- Introduction to the Central Nervous System
  18m
- The Cerebrum
  48m
13. The Peripheral Nervous System1h 26m
14. The Autonomic Nervous System1h 38m
15. The Special Senses2h 41m
16. The Endocrine System2h 48m
17. The Blood3h 22m
18. The Heart2h 42m
19. The Blood Vessels3h 35m
20. The Lymphatic System3h 16m
21. The Immune System14h 37m
22. The Respiratory System3h 20m
23. The Digestive System2h 5m
24. Metabolism and Nutrition4h 0m
25. The Urinary System2h 39m
26. Fluid and Electrolyte Balance, Acid Base Balance37m
27. The Reproductive System2h 5m
28. Human Development1h 21m
29. Heredity3h 32m

2. Cell Chemistry & Cell Components

Carbon

Anatomy & Physiology

2. Cell Chemistry & Cell Components

Carbon

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Multiple Choice

Pharmaceutical companies are selling billions of dollars' worth of single-enantiomer drugs. Why might it be important to use only one form of an enantiomer?

It is cheaper to manufacture only one of the enantiomers.

It is not important. Both enantiomers will be equally effective.

The left-handed version of the enantiomer is always the effective one.

One enantiomer may provide an effective treatment whereas the other may be ineffective or even toxic.

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Verified step by step guidance

Understand the concept of enantiomers: Enantiomers are molecules that are mirror images of each other, similar to left and right hands. They have the same molecular formula but differ in spatial arrangement.

Recognize the significance of enantiomers in pharmacology: Enantiomers can have drastically different effects in biological systems due to their interaction with chiral environments, such as enzymes and receptors in the body.

Consider the effectiveness and safety of enantiomers: One enantiomer may bind effectively to a target receptor and produce the desired therapeutic effect, while the other may not bind at all or may bind to a different receptor, potentially causing adverse effects.

Evaluate the importance of using a single enantiomer: Using only the effective enantiomer can enhance the drug's efficacy and reduce the risk of side effects, making it crucial for patient safety and treatment success.

Reflect on the economic and ethical implications: While manufacturing a single enantiomer may be more costly, the benefits of improved safety and efficacy justify the investment, ensuring better patient outcomes and adherence to ethical standards in drug development.