Mark the following statements as true or false. If a statement is false, correct it to make a true statement.


a. Respiratory acidosis is caused by hypoventilation.

What is the main buffer system of the ECF?

a. Protein buffer system

b. Carbonic acid–bicarbonate ion buffer system

c. Phosphate buffer system

d. None of the above

Explain what happens to the pH of a buffered solution when hydrogen ions are added. Why does this happen?

Fill in the blanks: An increase in ventilation ________ the pH of the blood due to a/an ________ of carbon dioxide in the blood. A decrease in ventilation ________ the pH of the blood due to a/an ________ of carbon dioxide in the blood.

Which of the following mechanisms is/are used by the kidneys to regulate the pH of the blood? Circle all that apply.

a. Hydrogen ions are secreted from the proximal and distal tubules and the collecting system.

b. Hydrogen ions are reabsorbed from the nephron loop.

c. New bicarbonate ions are formed from glutamine and carbon dioxide in the interstitial fluid that enters proximal tubule cells.

d. Bicarbonate ions can be secreted.

e. Bicarbonate ions are reabsorbed directly from the filtrate.

Mark the following statements as true or false. If a statement is false, correct it to make a true statement.

b. Renal compensation for acid-base disturbances begins within minutes, whereas respiratory compensation begins within several hours.

Mark the following statements as true or false. If a statement is false, correct it to make a true statement.

c. Respiratory compensation for metabolic acidosis consists of hypoventilation.

Mark the following statements as true or false. If a statement is false, correct it to make a true statement.

d. Renal compensation for metabolic alkalosis consists of reabsorption of hydrogen ions and secretion of bicarbonate ions.

Mark the following statements as true or false. If a statement is false, correct it to make a true statement.

e. You would expect to find an elevated Pco₂ in arterial blood gas analysis of a patient with respiratory acidosis.