Explain what happens to the pH of a buffered solution when hydrogen ions are added. Why does this happen?

What happens to the pH of a solution when hydrogen ions are added?

a. The pH increases.

b. The pH decreases.

c. The pH does not change.

d. The pH does not measure hydrogen ion concentration.

Mark the following statements as true or false. If a statement is false, correct it to make a true statement.

e. Chloride ions are generally reabsorbed from the kidneys, along with bicarbonate ions.

The biggest source of metabolic acids in the body is:

a. lactic acid.

b. ketone bodies.

c. carbon dioxide.

d. uric acid.

What is the main buffer system of the ECF?

a. Protein buffer system

b. Carbonic acid–bicarbonate ion buffer system

c. Phosphate buffer system

d. None of the above

Fill in the blanks: An increase in ventilation ________ the pH of the blood due to a/an ________ of carbon dioxide in the blood. A decrease in ventilation ________ the pH of the blood due to a/an ________ of carbon dioxide in the blood.

Which of the following mechanisms is/are used by the kidneys to regulate the pH of the blood? Circle all that apply.

a. Hydrogen ions are secreted from the proximal and distal tubules and the collecting system.

b. Hydrogen ions are reabsorbed from the nephron loop.

c. New bicarbonate ions are formed from glutamine and carbon dioxide in the interstitial fluid that enters proximal tubule cells.

d. Bicarbonate ions can be secreted.

e. Bicarbonate ions are reabsorbed directly from the filtrate.

Mark the following statements as true or false. If a statement is false, correct it to make a true statement.

a. Respiratory acidosis is caused by hypoventilation.

Mark the following statements as true or false. If a statement is false, correct it to make a true statement.

b. Renal compensation for acid-base disturbances begins within minutes, whereas respiratory compensation begins within several hours.