Explain the effect that the following hormones have on growth of bone tissue:


c. Estrogen

Which bones form via intramembranous ossification?

a. Irregular bones

b. Certain flat bones

c. Long bones

d. Short bones

e. More than one of the above

Of the following statements, identify those that are properties of intramembranous ossification, endochondral ossification, or both.

a. The bone is formed via a hyaline cartilage model.

b. Bone tissue forms from ossification centers.

c. Bone forms from within a mesenchyme membrane.

d. The early spongy bone is formed, after which the early compact bone develops.

e. The original primary bone is replaced with secondary bone.

f. A bone collar forms, followed by the early spongy bone.

Explain the effect that the following hormones have on growth of bone tissue:

a. Growth hormone

Explain the effect that the following hormones have on growth of bone tissue:

b. Testosterone

Fill in the blanks. Bone deposition is carried out by_____, which secrete the____ of the ECM by exocytosis. They facilitate the formation of the______of the ECM by secreting_____filled with calcium ions, enzymes, and ATP. Bone resorption is carried out by______ , which secrete_____and_____from their ruffled border.

Mark the following statements as true or false. If a statement is false, correct it to make a true statement.

b. Bone deposition is triggered by tension placed on the bone.

Mark the following statements as true or false. If a statement is false, correct it to make a true statement.

c. The greater the load the bone must carry, the more bone that is resorbed by osteoclasts.

Mark the following statements as true or false. If a statement is false, correct it to make a true statement.

d. Calcitonin is released in response to an elevated calcium ion concentration in the blood.