During diastole, a chamber of the heart (a) relaxes and fills with blood, (b) contracts and pushes blood into an adjacent chamber, (c) experiences a sharp increase in pressure, (d) reaches a pressure of approximately 120 mm Hg.

The second heart sound (the 'dup' of 'lub-dup') is caused by the __________.

The cardiac cycle includes all of the following events EXCEPT __________.

During the cardiac cycle, the amount of blood ejected from the left ventricle when the semilunar valve opens is the (a) stroke volume (SV), (b) end-diastolic volume (EDV), (c) end-systolic volume (ESV), (d) cardiac output (CO).

Define cardiac cycle, and follow the events of one cycle.

What is cardiac output, and how is it calculated?

You have been called upon to demonstrate the technique for listening to valve sounds.a. Explain where you would position your stethoscope to auscultate (1) the aortic valve of a patient with severe aortic valve insufficiency and (2) a stenotic mitral valve.b. During which period(s) would you hear these abnormal valve sounds most clearly? (During atrial diastole, ventricular systole, ventricular diastole, or atrial systole?)c. What cues would you use to differentiate between an insufficient and a stenotic valve?