Normal balance depends on information transmitted from a number of sensory receptor types. Name at least three of these receptors.

Otoliths (ear stones) area. a cause of deafness,b. a type of hearing aid,c. important in equilibrium,d. the rock-hard petrous part of the temporal bones.

The structure that allows pressure in the middle ear to be equalized with atmospheric pressure is thea. pinna,b. pharyngotympanic tube,c. tympanic membrane,d. oval window.

Which of the following is important in maintaining the balance of the body?a. visual cues,b. semicircular canals,c. the saccule,d. proprioceptors,e. all of these.

Juan tells his physician that he has been feeling dizzy, especially when he closes his eyes. He is asked to stand with his feet together and arms extended forward. As long as he keeps his eyes open, he exhibits very little movement. But when he closes his eyes, his body begins to sway a great deal, and his arms tend to drift together toward the left side of his body. Why does this occur?

For each of the following descriptions, indicate whether it applies to a macula or a crista ampullaris: inside a semicircular canal; contains otoliths; responds to linear acceleration and deceleration; has a cupula; responds to rotational acceleration and deceleration; inside the vestibule.

Taste buds are found on thea. anterior part of the tongue,b. posterior part of the tongue,c. palate,d. all of these.

Multiple ChoiceMore than one choice may apply.Gustatory cells area. bipolar neurons.b. multipolar neurons.c. unipolar neurons.d. epithelial cells.

Multiple ChoiceMore than one choice may apply.Alkaloids excite gustatory hairs mostly at thea. tip of the tongue.b. back of the tongue.c. vallate papillae.d. fungiform papillae.