1. A Review of General Chemistry

Draw the Lewis structure of the molecule

Draw Lewis structures for the following free radicals.

a. The ethyl radical, CH₃—ĊH₂

b. The tert-butyl radical, (CH₃)₃C•

Draw the Lewis structure of the molecule

Draw the Lewis structure of the molecule

Draw Lewis structures for the following compounds and ions, showing appropriate ­formal charges.

(i) (CH₃)₂O—BF₃

(j) [HONH₃]⁺

(k) KOC(CH₃)₃

(l) [H₂C=OH]⁺

Draw Lewis structures for the following compounds and ions, showing appropriate ­formal charges.

(e) ⁺CH₃

(f) ^–CH₃

(g) NaBH₄

(h) NaBH₃CN

Write Lewis structures for the following molecular formulas. Circle any lone pairs (pairs of nonbonding electrons) in the structures.

i. C₃H₆ (one double bond)

j. C₃H₄ (two double bonds)

k. C₃H₄ (one triple bond)

Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) has been used as an anti-inflammatory rub for race horses. DMSO and acetone appear to have similar structures, but the C=O carbon atom in acetone is planar, while the S=O sulfur atom in DMSO is ­pyramidal. Draw Lewis structures for DMSO and acetone, predict the hybridizations, and explain these observations.

Draw the Lewis structure for each of the following:

f. NaOH

Draw two Lewis structures for C₂H₆O.

Draw three Lewis structures for C₃H₈O.

For each of the given species:

a. Draw its Lewis structure.

b. Describe the orbitals used by each carbon atom in bonding and indicate the approximate bond angles.

1. H₂CO₂