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Problem 9
A reduced molecule ______.
a. Has gained electrons
b. Has become more positive in charge
c. Has lost electrons
d. Is an electron donor
Problem 9
Why do we breathe oxygen and give off carbon dioxide?
Problem 9
The use of a proton motive force to generate ATP is __________.
Problem 9
Microbes that reduce N2 to NH3 engage in nitrogen ___________ .
Problem 10
Why do cyanobacteria and algae take in carbon dioxide and give off oxygen?
Problem 10
Activation energy ______.
a. Is the amount of energy required during an activity such as flagellar motion
b. Requires the addition of nutrients in the presence of water
c. Is lowered by the action of organic catalysts
d. Results from the movement of molecules
Problem 11
What happens to the carbon atoms in sugar catabolized by Escherichia coli?
Problem 11
Coenzymes are _______.
a. Types of apoenzymes
b. Proteins
c. Inorganic cofactors
d. Organic cofactors
Problem 12
How do yeast cells make alcohol and cause bread to rise?
Problem 12
Which of the following statements best describes ribozymes?
a. Ribozymes are proteins that aid in the production of ribosomes.
b. Ribozymes are nucleic acids that produce ribose sugars.
c. Ribozymes store enzymes in ribosomes.
d. Ribozymes process RNA molecules in eukaryotes.
Problem 13
Where specifically does the most significant production of ATP occur in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?
Problem 13
Which of the following does not affect the function of enzymes?
a. Ubiquinone
b. Substrate concentration
c. Temperature
d. Competitive inhibitors
Problem 14
Why are vitamins essential metabolic factors for microbial metabolism?
Problem 14
Most oxidation reactions in bacteria involve the _______.
a. Removal of hydrogen ions and electrons
b. Removal of oxygen
c. Addition of hydrogen ions and electrons
d. Addition of hydrogen ions
Problem 15
Under ideal conditions, the fermentation of one glucose molecule by a bacterium allows a net gain of how many ATP molecules?
a. 2
b. 4
c. 38
d. 0
Problem 15
A laboratory scientist notices that a certain bacterium does not utilize lactose when glucose is available in its environment. Describe a cellular regulatory mechanism that would explain this observation.
Problem 16
Under ideal conditions, the complete aerobic oxidation of one molecule of glucose by a bacterium allows a net gain of how many ATP molecules?
a. 2
b. 4
c. 38
d. 0
Problem 17
Which of the following statements about the Entner-Doudoroff pathway is false?
a. It is a series of reactions that synthesizes glucose.
b. Its products are sometimes used to determine the presence of Pseudomonas.
c. It is a pathway of chemical reactions that catabolizes glucose.
d. It is an alternative pathway to glycolysis.
Problem 18
Reactions involved in the light-independent reactions of photosynthesis constitute the _______.
a. Citric acid cycle
b. Entner-Doudoroff pathway
c. Calvin-Benson cycle
d. pentose phosphate pathway
Problem 19
The glycolysis pathway is basically _______.
a. catabolic
b. amphibolic
c. anabolic
d. cyclical
Problem 20
A major difference between anaerobic respiration and anaerobic fermentation is _______.
a. in the use of oxygen
b. that the former requires breathing
c. that the latter uses organic molecules within the cell as final electron acceptors
d. that fermentation only produces alcohol