Textbook Question
For bacteria that are F⁺, Hfr, F', and F⁻ perform or answer the following.
Which of these cells are donors? Which is the recipient?
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Ch. 6 - Genetic Analysis and Mapping in Bacteria and Bacteriophages
Sanders3rd EditionGenetic Analysis: An Integrated ApproachISBN: 9780135564172
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Table of contents
- Ch. 1 - The Molecular Basis of Heredity, Variation, and Evolution64
- Ch. 2 - Transmission Genetics144
- Ch. 3 - Cell Division and Chromosome Heredity81
- Ch. 4 - Gene Interaction87
- Ch. 5 - Genetic Linkage and Mapping in Eukaryotes103
- Ch. 6 - Genetic Analysis and Mapping in Bacteria and Bacteriophages73
- Ch. 7 - DNA Structure and Replication71
- Ch. 8 - Molecular Biology of Transcription and RNA Processing79
- Ch. 9 - The Molecular Biology of Translation110
- Ch. 10 - Eukaryotic Chromosome Abnormalities and Molecular Organization100
- Ch. 11 - Gene Mutation, DNA Repair, and Homologous Recombination86
- Ch. 12 - Regulation of Gene Expression in Bacteria and Bacteriophage90
- Ch. 13 - Regulation of Gene Expression in Eukaryotes38
- Ch. 14 - Analysis of Gene Function via Forward Genetics and Reverse Genetics72
- Ch. 15 - Recombinant DNA Technology and Its Applications69
- Ch. 16 - Genomics: Genetics from a Whole-Genome Perspective49
- Ch. 17 - Organelle Inheritance and the Evolution of Organelle Genomes27
- Ch. 18 - Developmental Genetics43
- Ch. 19 - Genetic Analysis of Quantitative Traits66
- Ch. 20 - Population Genetics and Evolution at the Population, Species, and Molecular Levels105
Sanders3rd EditionGenetic Analysis: An Integrated ApproachISBN: 9780135564172Not the one you use?Change textbook
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Sanders 3rd EditionCh. 6 - Genetic Analysis and Mapping in Bacteria and BacteriophagesProblem 1e
Sanders 3rd EditionCh. 6 - Genetic Analysis and Mapping in Bacteria and BacteriophagesProblem 1eChapter 6, Problem 1e
For bacteria that are F⁺, Hfr, F', and F⁻, perform or answer the following.
Describe the results of conjugation (i.e., changes in the recipient and the exconjugant) that allow detection of the state of the F factor in a donor strain.
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Understand the F factor states: The F factor (fertility factor) is a plasmid that can exist in different states in bacteria. F⁺ bacteria have the F plasmid, Hfr bacteria have the F factor integrated into their chromosome, F' bacteria have the F plasmid with some chromosomal genes, and F⁻ bacteria lack the F factor.
Describe conjugation for F⁺ donors: When an F⁺ donor conjugates with an F⁻ recipient, the F plasmid is transferred to the recipient. The recipient becomes F⁺, and no chromosomal genes are transferred. This can be detected by the recipient gaining the ability to act as a donor in future conjugations.
Describe conjugation for Hfr donors: In Hfr conjugation, the F factor is integrated into the donor's chromosome. During conjugation, part of the donor's chromosomal DNA is transferred to the recipient. The recipient remains F⁻ but may acquire new chromosomal genes, which can be detected by changes in phenotype or genotype.
Describe conjugation for F' donors: In F' conjugation, the F plasmid carries some chromosomal genes. When the F' donor conjugates with an F⁻ recipient, the F' plasmid (including the chromosomal genes) is transferred. The recipient becomes F' and gains the donor's chromosomal genes, which can be detected by the expression of those genes.
Summarize detection methods: To detect the state of the F factor in the donor strain, observe the recipient's changes after conjugation. For F⁺ donors, the recipient becomes F⁺. For Hfr donors, the recipient remains F⁻ but may acquire new chromosomal traits. For F' donors, the recipient becomes F' and expresses the donor's chromosomal genes. These changes can be confirmed through genetic or phenotypic analysis.
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Key Concepts
Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.
Conjugation in Bacteria
Conjugation is a process of genetic transfer in bacteria where one bacterium transfers genetic material to another through direct contact. This typically involves a donor cell with a fertility factor (F factor) forming a pilus to connect with a recipient cell. The F factor can exist in different states, influencing the genetic material transferred and the resulting changes in the recipient.
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Conjugation Overview
F Factor States
The F factor can exist in several states: F⁺ (fertility factor present), Hfr (high-frequency recombination, where the F factor is integrated into the chromosome), F' (a plasmid carrying some chromosomal genes), and F⁻ (no fertility factor). Each state affects the outcome of conjugation differently, particularly in terms of what genetic material is transferred to the recipient cell and whether it becomes F⁺ or remains F⁻.
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Exconjugants and Recipient Changes
Exconjugants are the recipient cells that have undergone conjugation and received genetic material from the donor. Depending on the state of the F factor in the donor, the recipient can become F⁺ (if it receives the F factor) or acquire new traits (if chromosomal genes are transferred). The detection of these changes allows researchers to infer the state of the F factor in the donor strain based on the characteristics of the exconjugants.
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Related Practice
Textbook Question
For bacteria that are F⁺, Hfr, F', and F⁻ perform or answer the following.
Which of these donors can convert exconjugants to a donor state?
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Textbook Question
For bacteria that are F⁺, Hfr, F', and F⁻, perform or answer the following.
Which of these donors can transfer a donor gene to exconjugants?
Textbook Question
For bacteria that are F⁺, Hfr, F', and F⁻, perform or answer the following.
Describe a "partial diploid" and how it originates.
Textbook Question
The flow diagram identifies relationships between bacterial strains in various F factor states. For each of the four arrows in the diagram, provide a description of the events involved in the transition.
Textbook Question
Go online to the Online Mendelian Inheritance of Man (OMIM) website. Look up the following genetic conditions and answer the questions posed about them.
Go to the 'Population Genetics' section discussing the TSD gene. In a few sentences, summarize the human population in which TSD is most frequently found and give the approximate frequency of heterozygous carriers for the TSD mutation in North American Jews.