Textbook Question
Black skin color is dominant to pink skin color in pigs. Two heterozygous black pigs are crossed.
What is the probability that their offspring will have pink skin?
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Ch. 2 - Transmission Genetics
Sanders3rd EditionGenetic Analysis: An Integrated ApproachISBN: 9780135564172
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Table of contents
- Ch. 1 - The Molecular Basis of Heredity, Variation, and Evolution64
- Ch. 2 - Transmission Genetics144
- Ch. 3 - Cell Division and Chromosome Heredity81
- Ch. 4 - Gene Interaction87
- Ch. 5 - Genetic Linkage and Mapping in Eukaryotes103
- Ch. 6 - Genetic Analysis and Mapping in Bacteria and Bacteriophages73
- Ch. 7 - DNA Structure and Replication71
- Ch. 8 - Molecular Biology of Transcription and RNA Processing79
- Ch. 9 - The Molecular Biology of Translation110
- Ch. 10 - Eukaryotic Chromosome Abnormalities and Molecular Organization100
- Ch. 11 - Gene Mutation, DNA Repair, and Homologous Recombination86
- Ch. 12 - Regulation of Gene Expression in Bacteria and Bacteriophage90
- Ch. 13 - Regulation of Gene Expression in Eukaryotes38
- Ch. 14 - Analysis of Gene Function via Forward Genetics and Reverse Genetics72
- Ch. 15 - Recombinant DNA Technology and Its Applications69
- Ch. 16 - Genomics: Genetics from a Whole-Genome Perspective49
- Ch. 17 - Organelle Inheritance and the Evolution of Organelle Genomes27
- Ch. 18 - Developmental Genetics43
- Ch. 19 - Genetic Analysis of Quantitative Traits66
- Ch. 20 - Population Genetics and Evolution at the Population, Species, and Molecular Levels105
Sanders3rd EditionGenetic Analysis: An Integrated ApproachISBN: 9780135564172Not the one you use?Change textbook
Chapter 2, Problem 11c
Black skin color is dominant to pink skin color in pigs. Two heterozygous black pigs are crossed.
If these pigs produce a total of three piglets, what is the probability that two will be pink and one will be black?
Verified step by step guidance1
Step 1: Identify the genotypes of the parents. Since the pigs are heterozygous for black skin color, their genotype is Bb, where B represents the dominant allele for black skin and b represents the recessive allele for pink skin.
Step 2: Determine the possible offspring genotypes using a Punnett square. Cross Bb x Bb to find the probabilities of each genotype: BB (black), Bb (black), and bb (pink). The probabilities are 1/4 for BB, 1/2 for Bb, and 1/4 for bb.
Step 3: Calculate the probability of each piglet being pink (bb) or black (BB or Bb). The probability of a piglet being pink is 1/4, and the probability of being black is 3/4 (sum of BB and Bb probabilities).
Step 4: Use the binomial probability formula to calculate the probability of exactly two piglets being pink and one piglet being black. The formula is P(X=k) = (n choose k) * (p^k) * (q^(n-k)), where n is the total number of piglets (3), k is the number of pink piglets (2), p is the probability of a piglet being pink (1/4), and q is the probability of a piglet being black (3/4).
Step 5: Substitute the values into the binomial formula: P(X=2) = (3 choose 2) * (1/4)^2 * (3/4)^1. Simplify the expression to find the probability.
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Key Concepts
Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.
Mendelian Genetics
Mendelian genetics is the study of how traits are inherited through generations based on the principles established by Gregor Mendel. It involves understanding dominant and recessive alleles, where dominant alleles mask the expression of recessive ones. In this case, black skin color is dominant over pink, meaning that a pig with at least one black allele will exhibit black skin.
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Descriptive Genetics
Punnett Square
A Punnett square is a diagram used to predict the genetic makeup of offspring from a particular cross. By arranging the alleles of the parents, it allows for the visualization of possible combinations in the offspring. For two heterozygous black pigs (Bb x Bb), the Punnett square helps determine the probabilities of producing black (BB or Bb) and pink (bb) piglets.
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Probability in Genetics
Probability in genetics refers to the likelihood of certain traits appearing in offspring based on parental genotypes. In this scenario, the probability of producing two pink and one black piglet from the total of three can be calculated using the binomial probability formula, considering the individual probabilities of each color from the Punnett square results.
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Related Practice
Textbook Question
The dorsal pigment pattern of frogs can be either 'leopard' (white pigment between dark spots) or 'mottled' (pigment between spots appears mottled). The trait is controlled by an autosomal gene. Males and females are selected from pure-breeding populations, and a pair of reciprocal crosses is performed. The cross results are shown below.
Cross 1: P₁: Male leopard x male mottled
F₁: All mottled
F₂: 70 mottled, 22 leopard
Cross 2: P₁: Male mottled x female leopard
F₁: All mottled
F₂: 50 mottled, 18 leopard
Propose two different genetic crosses that would allow you to determine the genotype of one mottled frog from the F₂ generation.
Textbook Question
Black skin color is dominant to pink skin color in pigs. Two heterozygous black pigs are crossed.
What is the probability that the first and second offspring will have black skin?
5
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Textbook Question
A male mouse with brown fur color is mated to two different female mice with black fur. Black female 1 produces a litter of 9 black and 7 brown pups. Black female 2 produces 14 black pups.
What is the mode of inheritance of black and brown fur color in mice?
Textbook Question
A male mouse with brown fur color is mated to two different female mice with black fur. Black female 1 produces a litter of 9 black and 7 brown pups. Black female 2 produces 14 black pups.
Choose symbols for each allele, and identify the genotypes of the brown male and the two black females.
Textbook Question
The following figure shows the results of Mendel's test-cross analysis of independent assortment. In this experiment, he first crossed pure-breeding round, yellow plants to pure-breeding wrinkled, green plants. The round yellow are crossed to pure-breeding wrinkled, green plants. Use chi-square analysis to show that Mendel's results do not differ significantly from those expected.