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Sanders 3rd EditionCh. 10 - Eukaryotic Chromosome Abnormalities and Molecular OrganizationProblem 1g
Give descriptions for the following terms:
Nucleosome
Problem 1h
Give descriptions for the following terms:
Chromosome territory
Problem 2
The human genome contains 2.9×10⁹ base pairs. Approximately how many nucleosomes are required to organize the 10-nm–fiber structure of the human genome? Show the calculation you use to determine the answer.
Problem 3a
In eukaryotic DNA, where are you most likely to find histone protein H4?
Problem 3b
In eukaryotic DNA, where are you most likely to find histone protein H1?
Problem 3c
In eukaryotic DNA, along a 6000-bp segment of DNA, approximately how many molecules of each kind of histone protein do you expect to find? Explain your answer.
Problem 3d
In eukaryotic DNA, how does the role of H1 differ from the role of H3 in chromatin formation?
Problem 4
Describe the importance of light and dark G bands that appear along chromosomes.
Problem 5
Human late prophase karyotypes have about 2000 visible G bands. The human genome contains approximately 22,000 genes. Consider the region 5p1.5 through the end of the short arm of chromosome 5, which is identified on the late prophase chromosome in Figure 10.5, and assume the entire region is deleted. Approximately how many genes will be lost as a result of the deletion?
Problem 6
Consider synapsis in prophase I of meiosis for two plant species that each carries 36 chromosomes. Species A is diploid and species B is triploid. What characteristics of homologous chromosome synapsis can be used to distinguish these two species?
Problem 7
From the following list, identify the types of chromosome changes you expect to show phenotypic consequences. duplication
Problem 7a
From the following list, identify the types of chromosome changes you expect to show phenotypic consequences.
Pericentric inversion
Problem 7b
From the following list, identify the types of chromosome changes you expect to show phenotypic consequences.
Interstitial deletion
Problem 7d
From the following list, identify the types of chromosome changes you expect to show phenotypic consequences.
Terminal deletion
Problem 7e
From the following list, identify the types of chromosome changes you expect to show phenotypic consequences.
Trisomy
Problem 7f
From the following list, identify the types of chromosome changes you expect to show phenotypic consequences.
Reciprocal balanced translocation
Problem 7g
From the following list, identify the types of chromosome changes you expect to show phenotypic consequences.
Paracentric inversion
Problem 7h
From the following list, identify the types of chromosome changes you expect to show phenotypic consequences.
Monosomy
Problem 7i
From the following list, identify the types of chromosome changes you expect to show phenotypic consequences.
Polyploidy
Problem 8a
If the haploid number for a plant species is 4, how many chromosomes are found in a member of the species that has one of the following characteristics? Explain your reasoning in each case.
Diploidy
Problem 8b
If the haploid number for a plant species is 4, how many chromosomes are found in a member of the species that has one of the following characteristics? Explain your reasoning in each case.
Pentaploidy
Problem 8c
If the haploid number for a plant species is 4, how many chromosomes are found in a member of the species that has one of the following characteristics? Explain your reasoning in each case.
Octaploidy
Problem 8d
If the haploid number for a plant species is 4, how many chromosomes are found in a member of the species that has one of the following characteristics? Explain your reasoning in each case.
Trisomy
Problem 8e
If the haploid number for a plant species is 4, how many chromosomes are found in a member of the species that has one of the following characteristics? Explain your reasoning in each case.
Triploidy
Problem 8f
If the haploid number for a plant species is 4, how many chromosomes are found in a member of the species that has one of the following characteristics? Explain your reasoning in each case.
Monosomy
Problem 8g
If the haploid number for a plant species is 4, how many chromosomes are found in a member of the species that has one of the following characteristics? Explain your reasoning in each case.
Tetraploidy
Problem 8h
If the haploid number for a plant species is 4, how many chromosomes are found in a member of the species that has one of the following characteristics? Explain your reasoning in each case.
Hexaploidy
Problem 9a
Mating between a male donkey (2n = 62) and a female horse (2n = 64) produces sterile mules. Recently, however, a very rare event occurred—a female mule gave birth to an offspring by mating with a horse.
Determine how many chromosomes are in the mule karyotype, and explain why mules are generally sterile.
Problem 9b
Mating between a male donkey (2n = 62) and a female horse (2n = 64) produces sterile mules. Recently, however, a very rare event occurred—a female mule gave birth to an offspring by mating with a horse.
How many chromosomes does the mule–horse offspring carry?
Problem 9c
Mating between a male donkey (2n = 62) and a female horse (2n = 64) produces sterile mules. Recently, however, a very rare event occurred—a female mule gave birth to an offspring by mating with a horse.
Why is it very unlikely that the offspring will have fully horse-like genetic characteristics?