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Problem 74b
What noble-gas configurations and charge are the following elements likely to attain in reactions in which they form ions? (b) Ca
- What noble-gas configurations and charges are the following elements likely to attain in reactions in which they form ions? (a) I (b) O (c) Al (d) Ca
Problem 75
Problem 76a
Each of the following pairs of elements will react to form a binary ionic compound. Write the formula of each compound formed, and give its name. (a) Magnesium and chlorine
Problem 76b
Each of the following pairs of elements will react to form a binary ionic compound. Write the formula of each compound formed, and give its name. (b) Calcium and oxygen
Problem 76c
Each of the following pairs of elements will react to form a binary ionic compound. Write the formula of each compound formed, and give its name. (c) Lithium and nitrogen
Problem 76d
Each of the following pairs of elements will react to form a binary ionic compound. Write the formula of each compound formed, and give its name. (d) Aluminum and oxygen
Problem 77a
Each of the following pairs of elements will react to form a binary ionic compound. Write the formula of each compound formed, and give its name. (a) Sodium and iodine
Problem 77b
Each of the following pairs of elements will react to form a binary ionic compound. Write the formula of each compound formed, and give its name. (b) Potassium and sulfur
Problem 77c
Each of the following pairs of elements will react to form a binary ionic compound. Write the formula of each compound formed, and give its name. (c) Lithium and nitrogen
Problem 77d
Each of the following pairs of elements will react to form a binary ionic compound. Write the formula of each compound formed, and give its name. (d) Barium and flourine
Problem 78a
Element X reacts with element Y to give a product containing X3+ ions and Y2-ions. (a) Is element X likely to be a metal or a nonmetal? Explain.
Problem 78b
Element X reacts with element Y to give a product containing X3+ ions and Y2-ions. (b) Is element Y likely to be a metal or a nonmetal? Explain.
Problem 78c
Element X reacts with element Y to give a product containing X3+ ions and Y2- ions. (c) What is the formula of the product?
Problem 78d
Element X reacts with element Y to give a product containing X3+ ions and Y2-ions. (d) In what groups of the periodic table are elements X and Y likely to be found?
- Element X reacts with element Y to give a product containing X2+ ions and Y- ions. (a) Is element X likely to be a metal or a nonmetal? Explain. (b) Is element Y likely to be a metal or a nonmetal? Explain. (c) In what groups of the periodic table are elements X and Y likely to be found?
Problem 79
- Cesium has the smallest ionization energy of all elements (376 kJ/mol), and chlorine has the most negative electron affinity 1-349 kJ/mol2. Will a cesium atom transfer an electron to a chlorine atom to form isolated Cs+1g2 and Cl-1g2 ions? Explain.
Problem 81
- How does electron shielding in multielectron atoms give rise to energy differences among 3s, 3p, and 3d orbitals?
Problem 95
- Order the electrons in the following orbitals according to their shielding ability: 4s, 4d, 4f.
Problem 96
- Many early chemists noted a diagonal relationship among ele-ments in the periodic table, whereby a given element is some-times more similar to the element below and to the right than it is to the element directly below. Lithium is more similar to magnesium than to sodium, for example, and boron is more similar to silicon than to aluminum. Use your knowledge about the periodic trends of such properties as atomic radii and Zeff to explain the existence of diagonal relationships.
Problem 100
- Heating elemental cesium and platinum together for two days at 973 K gives a dark red ionic compound that is 57.67% Cs and 42.33% Pt. (c) What are the charge and electron configuration of the platinum ion?
Problem 101
- Consider the electronic structure of the element bismuth. (d) Would you expect element 115 to have an ionization ene-rgy greater than, equal to, or less than that of bismuth? Explain.
Problem 103
Problem 103a
Consider the electronic structure of the element bismuth. (a) The first ionization energy of bismuth is Ei1 = +703 kJ/ mol. What is the longest possible wavelength of light that could ionize an atom of bismuth?
- Iron is commonly found as Fe, Fe2+, and Fe3+. (a) Write electron configurations for each of the three. (d) The third ionization energy of Ru is less than the third ionization energy of Fe. Explain.
Problem 104
Problem 104b
Iron is commonly found as Fe, Fe2+, and Fe3+. (b) What are the n and l quantum numbers of the electron removed on going from Fe2+ to Fe3+?
Problem 104c
Iron is commonly found as Fe, Fe2++, and Fe3+. (c) The third ionization energy of Fe is Ei3 = +2952 kJ/mol. What is the longest wavelength of light that could ionize Fe2+(g) to Fe3+(g)?
- The ionization energy of an atom can be measured by photo-electron spectroscopy, in which light of wavelength l is directed at an atom, causing an electron to be ejected. The kinetic energy of the ejected electron 1EK2 is measured by determining its velocity, v since EK = 1/2 mv2. The Ei is then calculated using the relationship that the energy of the inci-dent light equals the sum of Ei plus EK. (a) What is the ionization energy of rubidium atoms in kilo-joules per mole if light with l = 58.4 nm produces elec-trons with a velocity of 2.450 * 106m/s? (The mass of an electron is 9.109 * 10-31 kg.)
Problem 105
- Take a guess. What do you think is a likely ground-state electron configuration for the sodium ion, Na+, formed by loss of an electron from a neutral sodium atom?
Problem 114
- Order the following atoms according to increasing atomic radius: S, F, O.
Problem 120
- Which atom in each of the following pairs has a larger radius? (a) Na or K (b) V or Ta (c) V or Zn (d) Li or Ba
Problem 122
- Which atom in each of the following pairs has a larger radius? (a) C or Ge (b) Ni or Pt (c) Sn or I (d) Na or Rb
Problem 123