Textbook Question
a. What functional group characterizes an alcohol?
Ch.2 - Atoms, Molecules, and Ions
Chapter 2, Problem 89
Give the name or condensed structural formula, as appropriate.
a.
b.
c. 2-methylheptane
d. 4-ethyl-2,3-dimethyloctane
Verified step by step guidance1
Identify the main carbon chain in the compound. For 2-methylheptane, the main chain is 'heptane', which consists of 7 carbon atoms.
Determine the position and type of substituents on the main chain. In 2-methylheptane, there is a methyl group attached to the second carbon of the heptane chain.
Write the condensed structural formula for 2-methylheptane. Start with the main chain and then add the substituents at their respective positions.
For 4-ethyl-2,3-dimethyloctane, identify the main carbon chain, which is 'octane', consisting of 8 carbon atoms.
Determine the positions and types of substituents for 4-ethyl-2,3-dimethyloctane. There is an ethyl group on the fourth carbon and two methyl groups on the second and third carbons. Write the condensed structural formula accordingly.
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Key Concepts
Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.
Structural Formulas
Structural formulas represent the arrangement of atoms within a molecule, showing how atoms are bonded together. They can be condensed, which simplifies the representation by grouping atoms together, or expanded, which illustrates all bonds explicitly. Understanding structural formulas is essential for identifying the molecular structure and predicting the properties of organic compounds.
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IUPAC Nomenclature
The International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) nomenclature provides a systematic method for naming organic compounds. It involves identifying the longest carbon chain, substituents, and their positions to create a unique name. Mastery of IUPAC rules is crucial for accurately naming compounds and communicating chemical information effectively.
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Isomerism
Isomerism refers to the phenomenon where compounds have the same molecular formula but different structural arrangements or spatial orientations. This can lead to variations in physical and chemical properties. Understanding isomerism is important for distinguishing between compounds like 2-methylheptane and 4-ethyl-2,3-dimethyloctane, which have different structures despite having similar formulas.
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Related Practice
Textbook Question
b. Write a structural formula for 1-pentanol.
Textbook Question
All the structures shown here have the molecular formula C8H18. Which structures are the same molecule? (Hint: One way to answer this question is to determine the chemical name for each structure.)
Textbook Question
How many isomers are there of n-pentanol?
Textbook Question
Suppose a scientist repeats the Millikan oil-drop experiment but reports the charges on the drops using an unusual (and imaginary) unit called the warmomb (wa). The scientist obtains the following data for four of the drops: Droplet Calculated Charge (wa) A 3.84⨉10−8 B 4.80⨉10−8 C 2.88⨉10−8 D 8.64⨉10−8 (a) If all the droplets were the same size, which would fall most slowly through the apparatus?
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