Teflon is a polymer formed by the polymerization of F2C=CF2. (a) Draw the structure of a section of this polymer. (b) What type of polymerization reaction is required to form Teflon?

Verified step by step guidance

Step 1: Identify the monomer used to form Teflon, which is tetrafluoroethylene, with the chemical formula \( \text{F}_2\text{C}=\text{CF}_2 \).

Step 2: Understand that Teflon is formed through a polymerization process where multiple monomer units are linked together to form a long chain.

Step 3: Recognize that the type of polymerization reaction used to form Teflon is addition polymerization, where the double bonds in the monomers open up and link together without the loss of any small molecules.

Step 4: Draw the repeating unit of the polymer by replacing the double bond in the monomer with single bonds, connecting the carbon atoms in a chain, and ensuring that each carbon atom is bonded to two fluorine atoms.

Step 5: Illustrate a section of the polymer chain by repeating the structure of the repeating unit several times, showing how the monomers are linked together to form the polymer.

Key Concepts

Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.

Polymerization

Polymerization is a chemical process in which small molecules, known as monomers, chemically bond to form a larger, more complex structure called a polymer. This process can occur through various mechanisms, including addition and condensation reactions. In the case of Teflon, the polymerization involves the repeated addition of the monomer F2C=CF2, leading to a long-chain polymer.

Addition Polymerization

Addition polymerization is a type of polymerization where monomers with unsaturated bonds, such as double bonds, react to form a polymer without the loss of any small molecules. This process typically involves the breaking of the double bond in the monomer, allowing the monomers to link together. Teflon is formed through this mechanism, specifically by the radical polymerization of F2C=CF2.

Structure of Teflon

Teflon, or polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), has a unique structure characterized by a long chain of carbon atoms, each bonded to fluorine atoms. This structure imparts Teflon its non-stick properties and high chemical resistance. The repeating unit in Teflon's structure is derived from the monomer F2C=CF2, resulting in a highly stable and durable polymer.

Recommended video:

Guided course

01:42

Resonance Structures

Related Practice

Textbook Question

Silicon carbide, SiC, has the three-dimensional structure shown in the figure.

(b) Would you expect the bonding in SiC to be predominantly ionic, metallic, or covalent?

Textbook Question

Energy bands are considered continuous due to the large number of closely spaced energy levels. The range of energy levels in a crystal of copper is approximately 1×10−19 J. Assuming equal spacing between levels, one can approximate the spacing between energy levels by dividing the range of energies by the number of atoms in the crystal. b. Determine the average spacing in J between energy levels in the copper metal in part (a).

Textbook Question

Sodium oxide (Na2O) adopts a cubic structure with Na atoms represented by green spheres and O atoms by red spheres.

Textbook Question

In their study of X-ray diffraction, William and Lawrence Bragg determined that the relationship among the wavelength of the radiation 1l2, the angle at which the radiation is diffracted 1u2, and the distance between planes of atoms in the crystal that cause the diffraction (d) is given by nl = 2d sin u. X rays from a copper X-ray tube that have a wavelength of 1.54 Å are diffracted at an angle of 14.22 degrees by crystalline silicon. Using the Bragg equation, calculate the distance between the planes of atoms responsible for diffraction in this crystal, assuming n = 1 (first-order diffraction).

Textbook Question

Germanium has the same structure as silicon, but the unit cell size is different because Ge and Si atoms are not the same size. If you were to repeat the experiment described in Additional Exercise 12.117, but replace the Si crystal with a Ge crystal, would you expect the X rays to be diffracted at a larger or smaller angle 𝜃?