Textbook Question
(b) If you were to put HBr under very high pressure, so its bond length decreased significantly, would its dipole moment increase, decrease, or stay the same, if you assume that the effective charges on the atoms do not change?
Ch.8 - Basic Concepts of Chemical Bonding
Chapter 8, Problem 46a,b
In the following pairs of binary compounds, determine which one is a molecular substance and which one is an ionic substance. Use the appropriate naming convention (for ionic or molecular substances) to assign a name to each compound: (a) TiCl4 and CaF2 (b) ClF3 and VF3
Verified step by step guidance1
Step 1: To determine whether a compound is ionic or molecular, we need to look at the types of elements it contains. Ionic compounds are formed between metals and nonmetals, while molecular compounds are formed between nonmetals only.
Step 2: In the compound TiCl4, Ti is a metal (Titanium) and Cl is a nonmetal (Chlorine). Therefore, TiCl4 is an ionic compound. The name of this compound, following the naming convention for ionic compounds, is Titanium(IV) Chloride. The Roman numeral IV indicates the charge of the Titanium ion.
Step 3: In the compound CaF2, Ca is a metal (Calcium) and F is a nonmetal (Fluorine). Therefore, CaF2 is also an ionic compound. The name of this compound, following the naming convention for ionic compounds, is Calcium Fluoride.
Step 4: In this case, both compounds are ionic, not molecular. If we had a molecular compound, it would be named using prefixes to indicate the number of atoms of each element (for example, CO2 is carbon dioxide).
Step 5: To summarize, TiCl4 is an ionic compound named Titanium(IV) Chloride, and CaF2 is an ionic compound named Calcium Fluoride.
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Key Concepts
Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.
Ionic vs. Molecular Compounds
Ionic compounds are formed from the electrostatic attraction between positively and negatively charged ions, typically between metals and nonmetals. In contrast, molecular compounds consist of molecules formed by covalent bonds, where atoms share electrons, usually between nonmetals. Understanding the distinction helps in identifying the nature of the compounds in the question.
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Ionic Compounds Naming
Naming Ionic Compounds
Ionic compounds are named by stating the name of the metal cation first, followed by the name of the nonmetal anion with its ending changed to '-ide.' For example, in CaF2, calcium (Ca) is the cation and fluoride (F) is the anion, resulting in the name calcium fluoride. This naming convention is essential for correctly identifying and naming the compounds.
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Naming Molecular Compounds
Molecular compounds are named using prefixes to indicate the number of atoms of each element present in the molecule, followed by the name of the first element and the second element with an '-ide' suffix. For instance, TiCl4 is named titanium tetrachloride, where 'tetra-' indicates four chlorine atoms. This systematic approach is crucial for accurately naming molecular substances.
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Related Practice
Textbook Question
The iodine monobromide molecule, IBr, has a bond lengthof 249 pm and a dipole moment of 1.21 D. (a) Which atom ofthe molecule is expected to have a negative charge?
Textbook Question
In the following pairs of binary compounds, determine which one is a molecular substance and which one is an ionic substance. Use the appropriate naming convention (for ionic or molecular substances) to assign a name to each compound: (a) SiF4 and LaF3 (for ionic or molecular substances) to assign a name to each compound: (b) FeCl2 and ReCl6 (c) PbCl4 and RbCl.
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Textbook Question
In the following pairs of binary compounds, determine which one is a molecular substance and which one is an ionic substance. Use the appropriate naming convention (for ionic or molecular substances) to assign a name to each compound: (c) SbCl5 and AlF3.
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Textbook Question
Draw Lewis structures for the following: (a) CH2Cl2 (b) ClCN (c) SF2
Textbook Question
Draw Lewis structures for the following: (d) H2SO4 (H is bonded to O) (e) OF2