Textbook Question
Tell how many diastereoisomers are possible for each of the following complexes, and draw their structures.
(c) [Cu(H2O)4Cl2]+
(d) Ru(NH3)3I3
Ch.21 - Transition Elements and Coordination Chemistry
McMurry8th EditionChemistryISBN: 9781292336145
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Table of contents
- Ch.1 - Chemical Tools: Experimentation & Measurement170
- Ch.2 - Atoms, Molecules & Ions160
- Ch.3 - Mass Relationships in Chemical Reactions169
- Ch.4 - Reactions in Aqueous Solution199
- Ch.5 - Periodicity & Electronic Structure of Atoms102
- Ch.6 - Ionic Compounds: Periodic Trends and Bonding Theory92
- Ch.7 - Covalent Bonding and Electron-Dot Structures61
- Ch.8 - Covalent Compounds: Bonding Theories and Molecular Structure59
- Ch.9 - Thermochemistry: Chemical Energy122
- Ch.10 - Gases: Their Properties & Behavior155
- Ch.11 - Liquids & Phase Changes54
- Ch.12 - Solids and Solid-State Materials73
- Ch.13 - Solutions & Their Properties120
- Ch.14 - Chemical Kinetics98
- Ch.15 - Chemical Equilibrium125
- Ch.16 - Aqueous Equilibria: Acids & Bases110
- Ch.17 - Applications of Aqueous Equilibria147
- Ch.18 - Thermodynamics: Entropy, Free Energy & Equilibrium86
- Ch.19 - Electrochemistry154
- Ch.20 - Nuclear Chemistry96
- Ch.21 - Transition Elements and Coordination Chemistry156
- Ch.22 - The Main Group Elements187
- Ch.23 - Organic and Biological Chemistry51
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McMurry 8th EditionCh.21 - Transition Elements and Coordination ChemistryProblem 21.140b
McMurry 8th EditionCh.21 - Transition Elements and Coordination ChemistryProblem 21.140bChapter 21, Problem 21.140b
Cobalt(III) trifluoroacetylacetonate, Co(tfac)3, is a sixcoordinate, octahedral metal chelate in which three planar, bidentate tfac ligands are attached to a central Co atom:
(b) Diastereoisomers A and B have dipole moments of 6.5 D and 3.8 D, respectively. Which of your diastereoisomers is A and which is B?
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Identify the structure of the octahedral complex Co(tfac)_3, where tfac is a bidentate ligand, meaning each tfac ligand forms two bonds with the central Co atom.
Understand that diastereoisomers are stereoisomers that are not mirror images of each other, and in octahedral complexes, they can arise from different spatial arrangements of the ligands.
Consider the possible arrangements of the three tfac ligands around the cobalt center. In an octahedral complex, these can lead to different spatial configurations, such as facial (fac) and meridional (mer) isomers.
Recall that the dipole moment is a measure of the separation of positive and negative charges in a molecule. A higher dipole moment indicates a more polar molecule, which can be influenced by the spatial arrangement of the ligands.
Assign the diastereoisomers based on their dipole moments: the isomer with the higher dipole moment (6.5 D) is likely to have a less symmetrical arrangement of ligands, while the isomer with the lower dipole moment (3.8 D) is likely to have a more symmetrical arrangement.
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Key Concepts
Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.
Diastereoisomers
Diastereoisomers are a type of stereoisomer that are not mirror images of each other. They occur in compounds with multiple chiral centers, where the configuration at one or more centers differs while others remain the same. This results in distinct physical properties, such as different dipole moments, which can be used to differentiate between them.
Dipole Moment
The dipole moment is a measure of the separation of positive and negative charges in a molecule, indicating its polarity. It is a vector quantity, with both magnitude and direction, and is expressed in Debye units (D). A higher dipole moment generally suggests a more polar molecule, which can influence its interactions and stability.
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Dipole Moment
Octahedral Coordination
Octahedral coordination refers to a molecular geometry where a central atom is surrounded by six ligands at the corners of an octahedron. This arrangement is common in transition metal complexes, such as cobalt(III) trifluoroacetylacetonate, and affects the electronic and steric properties of the complex, influencing its reactivity and interactions with other molecules.
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Related Practice
Textbook Question
Assign a systematic name to each of the following ions.
(c) [Fe(H2O)5NCS]2+
(d) [Cr(NH3)2(C2O4)2]-
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Textbook Question
Predict the number of unpaired electrons for each of the following.
(c) Mn3+
(d) Cr2+
Textbook Question
For each of the following complexes, draw a crystal field energy-level diagram, assign the electrons to orbitals, and predict the number of unpaired electrons.
(b) [MnCl4]2- (tetrahedral)
Textbook Question
For each of the following complexes, describe the bonding using valence bond theory. Include orbital diagrams for the free metal ion and the metal ion in the complex. Indicate which hybrid orbitals the metal ion uses for bonding, and specify the number of unpaired electrons.
(b) [Ag(NH3)2]+
Textbook Question
What is the systematic name for each of the following ions?
(c) [Co(CO3)3]3-
(d) [Pt(en)2(SCN)2]2+