Multiple Choice
Why do water molecules exhibit polarity?
13. Liquids, Solids & Intermolecular Forces
Molecular Polarity
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Are water molecules polar or nonpolar?
A
Polar
B
Nonpolar
Verified step by step guidance1
Understand the concept of polarity: A molecule is polar if it has a net dipole moment, which occurs when there is an uneven distribution of electron density across the molecule.
Examine the structure of a water molecule (H₂O): Water has a bent shape due to the two lone pairs of electrons on the oxygen atom, which affects the distribution of electron density.
Consider the electronegativity of atoms: Oxygen is more electronegative than hydrogen, meaning it attracts the shared electrons in the O-H bonds more strongly, creating partial negative and positive charges.
Analyze the dipole moment: The difference in electronegativity between oxygen and hydrogen creates a dipole moment, with the oxygen atom having a partial negative charge and the hydrogen atoms having partial positive charges.
Conclude based on the dipole moment: Since water has a net dipole moment due to its bent shape and the difference in electronegativity, it is classified as a polar molecule.
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