Multiple Choice
Which of the following statements about the polarity of covalent bonds is correct?
13. Liquids, Solids & Intermolecular Forces
Molecular Polarity
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Why does the water molecule have polarity?
A
Because it has a symmetrical tetrahedral shape.
B
Because it has a linear shape with equal distribution of charge.
C
Because it is composed of nonpolar covalent bonds.
D
Because it has a bent shape and an unequal distribution of electrons.
Verified step by step guidance1
Understand the concept of molecular polarity: Polarity in molecules arises due to the unequal distribution of electrons, leading to a partial positive and partial negative charge within the molecule.
Examine the shape of the water molecule: Water (
) has a bent shape, which is crucial for its polarity.
Consider the electronegativity of atoms: Oxygen is more electronegative than hydrogen, meaning it attracts electrons more strongly, creating an unequal distribution of charge.
Analyze the bond angles: The bent shape of water, with a bond angle of approximately 104.5 degrees, contributes to the separation of charge, enhancing its polar nature.
Conclude with the effect of molecular geometry: The bent shape and the difference in electronegativity between oxygen and hydrogen result in a dipole moment, making water a polar molecule.
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