Multiple Choice
What does it mean that water is a polar molecule?
13. Liquids, Solids & Intermolecular Forces
Molecular Polarity
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Why do water molecules exhibit polarity?
A
Because water molecules are linear, leading to an even distribution of charge.
B
Because water molecules have a symmetrical tetrahedral shape, resulting in no net dipole moment.
C
Because the oxygen atom is more electronegative than the hydrogen atoms, creating a dipole moment.
D
Because the hydrogen atoms are more electronegative than the oxygen atom, creating a dipole moment.
Verified step by step guidance1
Understand the concept of electronegativity: Electronegativity is the ability of an atom to attract electrons towards itself in a chemical bond. Oxygen is more electronegative than hydrogen, meaning it pulls shared electrons closer.
Examine the structure of a water molecule: Water (H₂O) has a bent molecular geometry due to the two lone pairs of electrons on the oxygen atom. This shape is crucial for its polarity.
Analyze the distribution of charge: In a water molecule, the oxygen atom attracts the shared electrons more strongly than the hydrogen atoms, resulting in a partial negative charge on the oxygen and partial positive charges on the hydrogens.
Identify the dipole moment: The unequal distribution of charge creates a dipole moment, where the molecule has a positive end (hydrogens) and a negative end (oxygen). This is what makes water polar.
Consider the implications of polarity: The polarity of water molecules leads to hydrogen bonding, which is responsible for many of water's unique properties, such as high boiling point and surface tension.
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