Multiple Choice
Which of the following statements correctly describes the polarity of a water molecule?
13. Liquids, Solids & Intermolecular Forces
Molecular Polarity
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Is a phosphate group polar or nonpolar?
A
Depends on the pH
B
Neither polar nor nonpolar
C
Nonpolar
D
Polar
Verified step by step guidance1
Understand the structure of a phosphate group. A phosphate group consists of a phosphorus atom bonded to four oxygen atoms, typically represented as PO₄³⁻.
Recognize the electronegativity difference between phosphorus and oxygen. Oxygen is more electronegative than phosphorus, which leads to an uneven distribution of electron density.
Consider the geometry of the phosphate group. The tetrahedral shape of the phosphate group contributes to its polarity due to the arrangement of the oxygen atoms around the central phosphorus atom.
Evaluate the charge distribution. The phosphate group carries a negative charge, which further contributes to its polar nature as it can interact with polar solvents like water.
Conclude that the phosphate group is polar. The combination of electronegativity differences, molecular geometry, and charge distribution results in a polar molecule.
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