The condition known as shock is characterized in part by a decreased return of venous blood to the heart. How could an upsetting situation, such as the sight of a tragic accident or very bad news, produce some temporary symptoms of shock?

Regulation of heart rate, blood pressure, and digestive functions is carried out by the:

a. somatic motor division of the peripheral nervous system.

b. central nervous system.

c. visceral sensory division of the peripheral nervous system.

d. autonomic nervous system.

Mark the following statements as true or false. If a statement is false, correct it to make a true statement.

d. The crossed-extension reflex occurs simultaneously with the simple stretch reflex.

Differentiate between adrenergic and cholinergic receptors.

Explain what happens when sympathetic neurons stimulate the adrenal medulla. What purpose does this serve?